Kungani abantu be-FIRECRACKERS ngesikhathi se-TẾT?

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH¹

   Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda kwama-crackers kuletha umuzwa wenjabulo, injabulo kanye nokufaka i-the Vietnamese. Ngaleso sizathu, abantu baphinde bacishe imililo ngezikhathi ezithile zokuzijabulisa, emishadweni nasosizini.

    Kodwa-ke, umuntu angaqiniseka ukuthi leli siko libuye libe nemvelo yokukholelwa ezeni:

     Indaba endala, eqoshwe emsebenzini enesihloko "Kinh sở tuế thời ký" (IKhalenda yezwe laseKinh Sở), ifundeka kanjena: Imimoya emibi nezibhulo ezisezintabeni zithanda ukuthatha izidumbu zabantu abaphilayo. Bakha izifo ezinobungozi eziningana, ezivame ukuletha ukufa, kepha besaba kakhulu ukwanda kwama-crackers. Ngakho-ke, umuntu udinga kuphela umlilo omkhulu wezinto ezilahlayo ukuze azidlulise. Le ndaba endala sayitshelwa ngumdala Isazi seConfucian, kepha sinomuzwa wokuthi kufanele sisinikeze ukuqhubeka kokufunda, ngoba kuseyingxoxo yezimpikiswano eziningi².

SƠN THẢO UDeveli

    Inganekwane inokuthi esikhathini esidlule kwakukhona usathane owabizwa Sơn Thảo okwakuvame ukuphazamisa amadoda ngosuku lokuqala lonyaka. Njengoba amademoni esaba ukuqhuma, abantu bathola amashubhu woqalo onamakhanda womabili womgwaqo futhi bathele amanzi kubo ngezimbobo ezihlutshiwe bese bema owokugcina. Lapho kuqala unyaka omusha, bakhanyisa umlilo phambi kwezindlu zabo baphonsa amashubhu kuwo. Amathumba wamanzi namashubhu ayaqhuma Sơn Thảo abaleke. Kamuva, ngokusungulwa kwe-gunpowder, isicishamlilo sigoqiwe ngezendlalelo eziningi zoqalo bese sithola isibhamu sokudubula esidala ukuqhuma okukhulu lapho kushiswa. UDeveli ubaleka esekude.

Ama-Firecrackers e-TẾT

   Kusukela ngalesosikhathi kuqhubeke, abantu bamukele umkhuba wokukhanyisa abacishimlilo ngomlilo ngonyaka omusha, ngehora lesikhashana. Kulezi zinsuku, lokho kubaluleka okungcwele kucishe kulahlekile, ukuphela komuntu okuthumela sakudala nokubingelela unyaka omusha osasele. Isiko lokucisha izicishamlilo livamile.

    Ama-firecrackers angamaTết kanti uTết ungumcibisholo. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, sasesibona ukwakheka kwe-firecracker fuse, ekhiqizwa yi- Quảng Isitolo,, amagama amane "Liên thăng báo hỉ" (setha ukumemezela izindaba zezimpahla) (I-Fig.1). Asisaluboni uhlobo lwesicishamlilo esenziwe lapho Th village Cầu isigodi.

    Lolu hlobo lwe-firecracker lufakwe i-fuse yayo phakathi komzimba wayo futhi ibizwa nangokuthi ikhandlela. Lo muzi unesiko lokuhlela umncintiswano wokucima iziqhumane. Kufakwa isiqhumane esikhulu esigxotsheni sefulegi, abantu bendawo basebenzisa iziqhumane zamakhandlela, bazenzela izinhlobo ezimbili zamaphepha abamba umlilo, ukuze baphose phezulu, bezama ukukhipha isicishamlilo esikhulu. Lowo ophumelela ukusetha isiqhumane esikhulu nguye onqobayo.

   Kepha, bekuyiminyaka lapho bekungelula kangako ukuzuza umklomelo futhi umhleli womkhosi kwadingeka awususe ngejosstick.

    The Abantu be-Mường at Isifundazwe saseHoà Bình eNyakatho Midland - banesiko lokudubula "thụ”Okungukuthi uhlobo lwenganono ngehora lesikhashana inkambiso ebizwa ngokuthi ukudubula“ chàng tịch ”esikhundleni sokusetha iziqhumane…

    Ngaphandle kwalokho Thị Cầu, kukhona nezinye izindawo eziningi ezingakhiqiza izicishamlilo zazo ezifana Bình Đà (I-Hà Tây), Đồng Kỵ (UBắc Ninh). Ukudutshulwa kwama-crackers kugqamile ezinhlobonhlobo nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-firecrackers aqukethe amagama ahlekisayo impela. Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezinamagama afana nezinkulu, ezincane, zimfishane, zinde, zibheke phezulu, ziqondile, kukhona abizwa nangokuthi “đùng"(boom) izicishamlilo, "i-tép"(amancane) izicishamlilo, "vt"(idada) izicishamlilo, "cây"(ikholomu) izicishamlilo, "thăng thiên"(rocket) izicishamlilo, "cói"(udaka) izicishamlilo, "into”Uqalo ophuzi) iziqhumane…

   Ikakhulu, ku I-Nghệ An, Isifunda saseHà Tĩnh ngaphezu kokudubula abasebenza ngokudubula, basebenza futhi nokudubula "lói"(ibhomu) izicishamlilo ezenza umfutho omkhulu kangangokuba izilwane ezifuywayo — ngokwesaba kakhulu-zazingaphuma endlini zibuyele kuphela ngemuva Ttt. Ngakho-ke, isigwebo esithi "Gijimani njengenja esatshiswa ibhomu".

"I-LÓI" IZIKHALAZI ZAMAHLATHIIziqhumane zeziqhumane)

   Ezinsukwini zakudala, abantu ku ENghệ Tĩnh emaphandleni bejwayele ukuzenzela uhlobo lwezicishamlilo ezibizwa ngokuthi “lói"(izithulu) ie uhlobo olukhulu kune-bng"(elichumayo) izicishamlilo. Abantu bakulesi sifunda basebenzise isitshalo esisebenza ngo-oyela oxutshwe ne-firecrackers 'powder, bese benza i-fuse futhi bagcwala yonke into ngaphakathi kweshubhu le-bamboo cishe elingama-15cm. Le thambo le-bamboo linendawo engaba ngu-2 noma 3 cm ubukhulu. Ngalesi, abantu basemaphandleni badale "lói"(izithulu) firecracker enikeza boom izindlebe, ngaleso sikhathi, esifundeni Duc Tho, I-Linh Cảm, bekunesiko lokuvuza abantu abazama ukungena ngokujulile ngaphakathi ngemuva noma ezindlini ezingemuva zezindlu zabantu abacebile ngezinja eziningi ezinonya ukukhanyisa lolu hlobo “lói"Izicishamlilo ku-Eva woNyaka oMusha. Uma ukwanda kwezindlebe kubangela ukuba indlu igxume, lokhu kungakha isithombe esihle kulowo mndeni ocebile. Lowo okhanyisa isicishamlilo kufanele azazise umnikazi wendlu ukuze athole umvuzo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma izicishamlilo zizoba yizizimungulu zehluleka ukuqhuma, khona-ke okuwukuphela kwento eseleyo ukuqothuka ngesaba ukuthola ukuthinteka okumangazayo.

   Namuhla, eVietnam, usiko lokucisha izicishamlilo seluqediwe (kusukela thet Hợi-unyaka weNgulube 1995). Umndeni ngamunye kudingeke ukuthi usayine isitatimende esiqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke ususe iziqhumane endaweni yaso. Abantu abanecala lokususa iziqhumane noma ngabe bangobani kufanele bajeziswe kanzima. Incwadi eHaNoi imisiwe ngenxa yokungabi nentshisekelo yokweseka umyalo wombuso owenqabela ukumiswa kweziqhumane. Abantu balandisa ukuthi eSaigon yangaphambilini, kwakukhishwe umyalelo ovimbela ukususwa kweziqhumane kusukela ngonyaka I-Canh Tý (Unyaka weMouse 1960). Ngaleso sikhathi, labo abehluleka ukulandela lowo myalelo babengahlawulwanga nje kuphela kodwa babeboshwa futhi bagcinwe lapho ISaigon Alm-indlu⁴.

    Imisho elandelayo ilandelwe Ttt, ebekelwe izimpumputhe nje, nokho uze ukhulume ngezinto ezimbili eziyisisekelo; umsindo wezicishamlilo kanye I-Tết pole:

    “Kusihlwa kosuku lwamashumi amathathu ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili, ngenkathi kukhuthaza, ngonyawo lwakho kukhahlela ngokungazelelwe I-Tết pole futhi umuntu uyazi: Ah! kunjalo Ttt!

    Ekuseni kosuku lokuqala lwe Ttt umuntu uzwa umsindo wezicishamlilo aqaphele: Hawu! Isikhathi sentwasahlobo sesifikile! ”

    I "pháo truc"(bamboo ophuzi) Iziqhumane zomlilo luhlobo olwenziwe ngotshani we-bamboo ophuzi, ogcotshwe ngesibabule kanye namalahle wesilayidi, futhi uvinjiwe kuwo womabili umkhawulo, bese ushaywa yi-fuse ukwakha i-boom enkulu. Lolu hlobo lubizwa nangokuthi “bộc truc"(ukuqhuma bamboo) ie.pháo truc"(kusukela ngekhulu lesi-7, amaShayina asungule i-gunpowder futhi ayisebenzisa ukwenza abaqhekeki).

    Kanye nezicishamlilo ezichazwe ngenhla ezakha ama-booms amakhulu kungaba nge-boom eyodwa noma i-salvo yama-booms (pháo tràng) kukhona futhiqhwa qo","pháo hoa cải"(izicishamlilo ezinikeza amalambu anemibala lapho zixoshwa). Lezi zinhlobo zezicishamlilo ziyafana nezicishamlilo. Ukuze bazenze, izakhamizi zisebenzisa amashubhu e-bamboo abesifazane, azigcwaliswe ngokuqinile nge-gunpowder exutshwe nothuli lwensimbi nosizi.

    Use Unyaka omushaka- eve, isibhakabhaka simnyama njengo-ink, lapho sixoshwa, lezi zinhlobo zezicishamlilo zikhipha amalambu anemibala akhazimulayo njengezimbali ze-lilac nezeklabishi. Imibala ebomvu neblue ekhiqizwe yilezi zicishamlilo zibangelwa uthuli lwensimbi nosizi oluqukethe.

QAPHELA:
¹ Hlanganisa uSolwazi HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela ku-Phylosophy of History.
² Ngokusho kukaG. PISIER - "Indochine”Nos. 75-76 yangoFebhuwari 12, 1942 - amakhasi 17,18, no-19.
³ Ngokuya nge-TrẦN XUÂN TUY, "Ama-Firecrackers e-Tết”- IVinh College Issue kaGiáp Thìn Spring, eSaigon 1964 k. 46.
⁴ I-TRẦN XUÂN TUY - Iphephabhuku i-Tết Firecrackers i-Vinh College Intramural Intramural ye-Association of Ngaphambili Abafundi eVinh College - Umagazini wasentwasahlobo kaGiáp Thìn Year 1964, k. 46.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

QAPHELA:
Umthombo: U-Vietnamese Lunar New Year - Umkhosi Omkhulu - Asso. UProf HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
Images Izithombe ze-Bold kanye ne-sepia zisethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com

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