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     IEzinsukwini ezedlule, umdlalo wekhayithi uhlanganisa umncintiswano wangempela, futhi imiklomelo eklonyeliswa abawinile ngokuvamile ibalulekile.

             Njengobufakazi, umuntu unala mazwi avamile:

“Bamba ngokuqinile intambo /Cầm dây cho chắc
Yinyakazise njalo /Lúc lắc cho đều
Ukuze ngikwazi ukundiza ikhayithi /Để bo đám riêu ¹
Ukuze uthole irayisi/Kiếm gạo cơm ăn.”

    Aesikhathini samanje, ku Idolobhana laseVo-Duong (evame ukubizwa nge-Tri village, esifundazweni sase-Bắc Ninh), abantu basahlela unyaka ngamunye, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo umncintiswano wekhayithi. Inani elikhulu lezimfundamakhwela eziyisipesheli kulo mdlalo bezijwayele ukubamba iqhaza kuwo.

     KIzinto zokudlala okumelwe zenziwe ngabaqaphi, abahlakaniphile ekwenzeni kanjalo nasemasu okundiza kiteflying.

     TIntambo esetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa amakhayithi amancane yenziwe nge-lamellae encane “Jiang" (Dendrecalamus patelaris), okungase kuthathelwe indawo imicu kakotini noma kasilika.

     Wamakhayithi amakhulu, ukwenziwa kwentambo kanye nohlaka kudinga umsebenzi ocophelelayo wesikhathi eside, ohlanganisa ukucophelela okukhulu.

     Inaphezu kokwehluka okukhulu phakathi kwama-kite amakhulu namancane, umuntu angahlala ehlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamakite: lawo anomsila, nalawo angenamsila.

     WI-Vietnamese, wonke ama-kite awanazo izinhlobo ezifanayo abantu abawanikezayo. Akhombisa izihloko namafomu ahlukahlukene kakhulu, iningi lawo limelela izinkanyezi nezilwane.

     Wkungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaba kanjani izinhlobo zazo, ziqukethe uhlaka olwenziwe ngoqalo futhi lumbozwe ngo “giấy ban" (iphepha lerayisi). Intambo encane ebizwa ngokuthi "leo” iboshelwe ngohlamvu oluthi Y, engxenyeni ephakathi nendawo. Iningi lama-kite enziwe abadlali, ngokuvamile abanolwazi, futhi akekho kubo othengiswayo.

(Kusekelwe esihlokweni sikaMnu. Ngô Quý Sơn, eshicilelwe yi-Indochina Institute for the Studies of Man)

 

I. Amakhayithi angenamsila

a. Ikhayithi /Diều vàng

    Tyena “Diều vàng” ibizwa ngokuthi ikhayithi elilula. Imise okwe-oviform enamaphiko amade. Singahlangana nabakhulu kakhulu"Diều vàng”, amanye afinyelela ku-3 amamitha ubude nemitha elingu-1 ububanzi. Ikhayithi elinjalo lingaphakanyiswa futhi lindize phezulu kakhulu, kuphela ngenxa yamandla ezinsizwa ezinamandla kakhulu.

 

 

 

 

 

 

b. I-Moor-hen's wing kite /Diều cánh cốc

     Tyena “Diều cánh cốc” yenziwe ngochungechunge lwezinti zoqalo eziphambana phakathi. Uchungechunge oluvundlile lunomumo ongu-8. Olume mpo luqukethe i-oval engxenyeni yalo ephakeme, nesikwele esisekelweni salo.

Fig.2: Moor.hen-kite

 

c. Ikhayithi lezinhlanzi /Diều con cá

Umfanekiso wesi-3: Ikhayithi lezinhlanzi

     Tuhlobo lwakhe lwekhayithi ilingisa izinhlanzi ezimbili, ezihlanganiswe ndawonye. Omunye unamathisela iphepha kuzo zombili izinhlanzi futhi azihlobise ngemidwebo ukuze anikeze ithoyizi isimo sezinhlanzi ezimbili ezihlangene.

 

d. Butterfly kite /Diều con bướm

     On ekhanda uvemvane, omunye ulungisa ama-lamella amabili agobile futhi azacile oqalo, amelela uthi lwesinambuzane.

Fig.4: Butterfly-kite

 

e. I-Crow kite /Diều con quạ

   

 

 

 

 

Tyena “Diều con quạ” licishe lifane nekhayithi yovemvane. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi "Diều quạ” alinamehlo, alinazinyawo, alinaso uphenyo. Umzimba wayo umise okonxantathu omude.

 

 

 

f. Umlingiswa othi “thập” kite /Diều chữ thập

   Tyakhe iwuhlobo olulula kakhulu lwekhayithi, endiza izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi ubudala. Uhlaka lwayo lunezingcezu ezimbili zoqalo eziboshelwe esiphambanweni. Ucezu olume mpo lukaqalo lude kancane kunoluvundlile.

 

g. I-pillow kite /Diều cái gối

Fig.7: I-pillow-kite

   Tuhlobo lwakhe lwekhayithi luyafana namakhithi aseYurophu (*). Inomumo we-paralelepiped nezikwele ezimbili eziboshwe izinti ezine zoqalo ezincane, ezakha uhlaka lwayo. Amaphethelo amabili atholakala ngephepha. Ingxenye esele ayinalutho, ayinamgogodla nomsila. Ikhayithi yomcamelo indiza ezigodini zase-Nam Định.

 

II. Amakhayithi anemisila

a. Ikhayithi le-Plank-bed /Diều cánh phân

    Tuhlobo lwakhe lwekhayithi lunonxande, olugobe kancane emaphethelweni awo amabili. Uhlaka lwawo lulula kakhulu. Omunye unamathisela intambo engxenyeni yayo engaphansi, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamakite, futhi ekugcineni, umuntu ubophela kuyo umsila owenziwe ngezicucu zephepha ezinamathiselwe engxenyeni encane yoqalo.

 

b. Ikhayithi lenyanga /Diều mặt trăng

    Tuhlobo lwakhe lwekhayithi lunomumo oyindilinga futhi luqukethe induku eqondile lapho isiyingi se-bamboo silungisiwe. Iphele ngomsila omude.

 

c. I-Scolopendrium kite /Diều con rết

    Tuhlobo lwakhe lwe-kite lukhulu kakhulu futhi umuntu ulithola lindiza eduze nedolobha Idolobha lase-Nam Định, ogwini lwe Umfula i-Vi Hoang. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi kusungulwe amaShayina, futhi kubizwa kanjalo ngoba, uma sekuphakanyiswe emoyeni, kubukeka njenge-scolopendrium enkulu.

     Oingxenye ye-bamboo eyimitha ubude, eyodwa inamathisela imibuthano yoqalo emihlanu yobukhulu obuhlukene.

    TIsiyingi esikhulu phakathi nendawo yikhala lesilwane. Izindilinga ezimbili ezincane ezinhlangothini zombili zekhala lesilwane zakha amehlo e-scolopendrium. Eminye imibuthano emincane emibili, ebekwe ngaphandle kwamehlo amabili, izindlebe ze-scolopendrium. Ngaphansi kwekhala, umuntu unamathisela i-bamboo arc ukuze athole udebe oluphakeme lwe-scolopendrium, futhi ngaphansi kwamehlo, umuntu ulungisa enye i-arc enkulu ukuze imele udebe lwayo olungaphansi.

    Bngemuva kwekhala le-scolopendrium kukhona uchungechunge lwezinye iziyingi inombolo ehluka phakathi kwamashumi amahlanu kuya kwamashumi ayisithupha kuzo, ngobude obufinyelela, ngezinye izikhathi, amamitha angamashumi amahlanu. Le mibuthano inesimo esifanayo nekhala, futhi iboshwe ndawonye ngezintambo ezintathu. Endingilizini yokugcina, umuntu unamathisela imicu emibili eyenziwe ngephepha noma usilika olula, ohlanganisa izimpondo zomsila wesilwane. Zonke izindawo eziyindilinga zitholwa ngephepha eliwugqinsi, elimbozwe nge-persimmon glue, noma ngosilika ongahluziwe. Njengesici esikhethekile, lolu hlobo lwekhayithi luhluke ngokuphawulekayo kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zama-kite ezichazwe ngenhla, hhayi nje ngoba likhulu kakhulu futhi liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa nangenxa yokuphatha nokwenza; ekugcineni, ngenxa yomsila wayo, njengoba, eqinisweni, wake wandizela emoyeni, lo msila, esikhundleni sokwehla, undizela phezulu ubheke esibhakabhakeni, uphakeme kakhulu kunekhanda lawo.

 

AMANOTHI :
¹: "ngiyabonga” ngesi-Vietnamese kusho ukundiza ikhayithi phezulu kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.
²: Ngibonga uMnu. PAUL LEVY, Inhloko yoMnyango Wezemivubukulo weSikole Sase-Far-Eastern French, oye waba nomusa wokungitshela ngalokhu kufana.

AMANOTHI :
◊ Umthombo: Isethi yokuthi “Izincwadi Ezine zeTết" Imbongolo. Kusuka. Udokotela Emlandweni NGUYỄN MẠNH HÙNG, Umongameli we-Institute of Vietnam Studies.

BAN TU THU
5 / 2023