UKUDLULA KONYAKA OMusha

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwefenisha nokuhlanza indlu

    Ukulandela IHENRI OGER nomdwebi wakhe, manje sesibona owesilisa osekhulile eshanela igceke lendlu yakhe.

    Empeleni bekuyinto ejwayelekile kodwa emehlweni ka UHenri Oger kwakuhlobene nochungechunge lwezinye izinto emphakathini. Yonke into ingaba nokusetshenziswa kwayo kusuka ku-straw noma umshanelo. Kepha kulezi zinsuku zokugcina zonyaka lowo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu njengoba bekuhlanza futhi kugoqeka indlu ukuze kube mnandi ukwedlula okujwayelekile kulindelwe Umkhosi Wonyaka Omusha Wonyaka.

   Isitayela ngasinye sezindlu sasinezindlela zaso zokuhlanza-kabusha kanye nokwenza kabusha. Okwakhelwa indlu yezitini, umnikazi wayevuselela izindonga.   

      Nasi isithombe somnikazi wendlu obambe izinti ezimbili ezazithintwe ngumthakathi futhi wahamba wazungeza indlu, ebasusa ophahleni beya phansi ukuze baxoshe amademoni nezibuko ezifihliwe (Umdwebo.1)

     Nasi esinye isikebhe esibonisa indoda engenamuntu iqoqa indlu yayo futhi “Ukugeza izinto zakhe zokukhuleka” (Fig. 2)

UKUVALWA ALTAR

    Imvamisa, usuku lwama-25 lwenyanga yeshumi nambili lunikezelwa ekukhulekeleni amadlozi. Ngalolo suku  Vietnamese imvamisa izinti zejosisi neziqhumane. Ukunikela ngezinto ezenziwe ngephepha njengamathileyi, igolide nesiliva, izigqoko zokuzivikela nezigqoko eziyindilinga, inhlanzi, ama-dragons… zashiswa ngenkathi ezinye izinto ezikhona e-altare lokhokho zazigezwa, zihlanzwe futhi zishintshwe uma zazigugile. UHenri Oger ishiyele imidwebo eminingana esezindabeni ejwayelekile e-altare. Ake sibheke izimbiza zodondolo zejoss ezenziwe ngamatshe (I-Fig.3), kanye ne-bronze (I-Fig.3).

    Zombili izimbiza zejosstick kwakudingeka zenziwe ngononophelo. Ama-polishers abe nesikhathi esinzima lapho esebenza nge-urn eyenziwe ngesimo sezithelo ze-apricot (I-Fig.4) noma uchwepheshe we-zethusi obaziweI-Fig.4).

    Uma ngabe ama-urns enziwe ngamatshe, akuwona umzamo omningi obekazodingeka kubafuyi. Njengoba i-urn yayihlala endaweni eqinile e-altare ukwenziwa kwayo kwakudinga namasu anobuchule futhi ahlukahlukene kanye nezinto ezinhle kakhulu. Singabuka lezi zinto ezibalulekile ku- (I-Fig.4) (umuntu oshisa impepho) noma (I-Fig.5) (umugqa oyindilinga).

    Ukucacisa inani lalawo ma-urns abizayo afaka naleyo esesithombeni 4, kufanele sifunde umbhalo obhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesiShayina ngabenzi bezandla abawukhiqizile: “Lo mkhakha wenziwe ngethusi futhi yimindeni ecebile kuphela engakwazi ukuba nawo. Umchamo ubuye udatshana osetshenziselwa ukukhonza ngenhloso. ”

    In eseningizimu yeVietnam, njalo kwakukhona ugqoko lwezithelo e-altare lokhokho ngaphezu kwesethi yezinsimbi zethusi nezinsimbi zezibane. Ezinye izinto eziyindilinga zazilula ngokuzihlanza nokuziphatha yize esiqongweni sazo kukhona i-unicorn enomlomo ovulekile ovulekile odlala ngeparele. Kodwa-ke ezinye izinto bezingekho lula ukuzihambisa ngenxa yendawo yazo enkudlwana efana ne- “bamboo-eye urns” noma i- “unicorn bamboo urns”.

    The Vietnamese bavame ukusebenzisa i-coconut coil efakwe ujusi wezithelo ze-carambola omuncu futhi ixutshwe nomlotha osawoti okunamathisele ama-urns ethusi kuze kube yilapho ecwebezela futhi ecwebezela.

    Ngokuvamile, Vietnamese unakekele iqoqo leyunithi ezintathu noma isethi yamayunithi ayisihlanu noma amayunithi ayisikhombisa asethelwe e-altare lokhokho walungisa ngokucophelela “itrayitha lokunikela” (I-Fig.6) ngomkhosi wokukhulekelwa kokhokho. Isethi yama-unit amathathu (I-Fig.6) enomugqa owodwa kanye namaqoqo amakhandlela. Isethi enezinto ezinhlanu ifaka ngaphezu kwalokho izitebhisi ezigcwala uwoyela. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinto, kwakukhona imbiza yethusi enjenge-urn equkethe izinkuni ze-aquilaria (I-Fig.7) kanye nomphathi we-bamboo wezinti ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha umlilo we-aquilaria.²

    In the North, endlini yokuhlukanisa abathathu, i-altare lokhokho lihlala libekwe phakathi nendawo, indawo ebaluleke kunayo yonke endlini. Njengoba kwenziwa kahle imindeni, i-altare lihlelwe ezindaweni ezimbili: elingaphakathi nengaphandle.

   The i-altare elingaphakathi liqukethe umbhede obomvu obotshwe kahle obunjiwe obekwe ezingxenyeni ezimbili eziphakeme zamamitha ayi-1, yonke le nto ibekwe eduze kakhulu nodonga lwangemuva lokuhlukaniswa okuphakathi.

    The isibhebhe sokhokho (Bài vi) ie isibhebhe somuntu ofile (Thần chủ) ibekwe ngaphakathi ngokhuni oluncane ikhabethe le-altare (Khám) ekhonjiswe esisekelweni esiseduze nodonga. Eminye imindeni ithebhulethi ithathelwe indawo yi- bekhuleka esihlalweni sobukhosi (cỗ Ỷ) noma nge isihlalo sobukhosi - isithonjana esakhiwe njengamathebulethi (cỗ Ngai) - kufanekisela isikhundla salowo noma lowo khokho.

    Kuyini bekhuleka esihlalweni sobukhosi okubizwa ngokuthi “Ỷ"Futhi ibizwa nini"Ngayi”? Empeleni, "Ỷ"Futhi"Ngayi”Ziyefana, ngaphandle komehluko kuphela phakathi kwezinhlobo zawo zokubaza. Mayelana neỶ", Zombili izingalo ziqoshwe kuma-infode afana nesiqu somqalo onjenge-phyllostachys, abizwa ngoqalo njengezingalo ze-phyllostachys. Ikhanda lesihlalo sobukhosi alibunjiwe ekhanda likadrako, uma ligcinelwe abantu nje abajwayelekile. Ukuphela kwengalo ye-Ngayi”Lubhalwe ekhanda likadrako, uma ligcinelwe imindeni ye-mandarin kanye nokukhulekelwa AmaKhosi, Amakhosi futhi genie.

    Phambi kwe-Ỷ”Kufakwa amathayi amabili onxantathu nemilenze. Okungaphakathi, eduze kodonga, kuncane futhi kune-a -mise okwentaba-kathathu (tamơn). Ingaphandle likhulu (cishe i-80cm x 60cm) futhi isetshenziselwa ukubonisa izitsha zokunikela ezikhumbuzweni, ngezinsuku zomkhosi noma ngo Ttt. Izigqoko zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zihlukaniswa a ukukhuleka ikhethini okubizwa ngokuthi “y mina”, Eyenziwe ngotshani obomvu besilika noma ngendwangu. Eduze kwangaphandle kwe-y minaItafula eliphakeme elinezifiso. Maphakathi kwetafula lempepho kukhona umshini wokushisa impepho obumba iziqu ze-joss. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zesishayo sempepho kukhona izibani ezimbili ezikhonjiswe ngokufana. Ngemuva kwesishisi sempepho kufakwa itafula elincane lapho kukhonjiswa khona imijikelezo emithathu ebekelwa lapho ebekwa khona izinkomishi ezintathu zewayini.

    Kudala, amalambu akhanyiselwe uwoyela wethanga, isipani sesibani sasifakwa epuletini, ngakho-ke, abantu abasebenza ngezimali bathenga ubhedu (I-Fig.7) noma imikhobo yokhuni enemilomo yayo eyenziwe njengotshani le-lotus ukubonisa ipuleti elishiwoyo; uma kungenjalo, lelo banga lingashintshwa amakhandlela. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinti zezibani kwakukhona nethishu lezimbali lejoss elifakwe ngomshini wokuvula izinkomishi zokubamba izinti zejoss.

    Kwakukhona futhi ama-vase amabili amakhulu ezimbali abekwe ezinhlangothini zombili nangakwesokudla ngemuva kwama-cranes amabili. Kwathi-ke, ekugcineni, ithileyi elibunjiwe elenziwe njenge-hourglass, elalisetshenziselwa ukubamba izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezithelo ezingokwesiko, lavezwa ngesizotha phakathi ngaphambi kwesishisi sempepho; sizoba nethuba lokutadisha kahle le ndatshana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

    Konke lokhu izinto ezikhonzayo, ekhonjiswe ngokulandelana ngokulandelana, ihloselwe ukuguqula ngokuphelele imizwa yokuzisola ekhonjiswe yinzalo maqondana nokhokho bayo. Kepha, ngemindeni enamalungu angama-mandarin, ikakhulukazi lawo anokuthola okuhle noma lawo abathole ama-burgo asebukhosini, ukubonwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka njengokulandelayo:

- A umndeni oqokiwe ngesimemezelo sasebukhosini sokuba ngubani othola isikhundla se-mandarinal kufanele abe nesibambi sokubamba isimemezelo sasebukhosini.

- Imindeni ukuba nama-mandarin asezakhamizi noma amalungu athola ukuhlonishwa ngebanga lokuqala ezivivinyweni kungakhombisa izinto ezingeziwe njengamfulegi, amakhadibhodi, izigubhu, izigubhu.

- Imindeni kokuba nama-mandarin ezempi, ikakhulukazi lawo anokuzuzwa okukhulu kumele akhombise iqoqo lezikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi kusethi “Izikhali eziyisishiyagalombili eziyigugu"(Bát bửu- equkethe izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zezikhali (i-bronze awl, izembe ne-halberd, umkhonto, induku enkulu…). Lezi zikhali zenziwe ngokhuni noma ngethusi elihlanganisiwe. Kodwa-ke, imindeni enesihe futhi inodumo isafuna ukuqhubekisela phambili izindlela zayo zokuqamba amasiko abo omndeni. Ngaleso sizathu, sisabona kufakwe ngaphezulu nangaphambi kwe-altare lokhokhoIbhodi evundlile eqoshiwe enezinhlamvu zamaShayina"(Hoành phi) noma u- “uphawu olukhulu lwe-calligraphic"(Ựi tự) okuthwetshiwe izinhlamvu zamaShayina ezifana. “I-dc duy hinh"(ubuhle buvikela udumo nodumo), "Đức lưu quang"(ubuhle bugcina ubumsulwa), "Mộc hữu bản"(Izihlahla zinezimpande). Kukhona futhi, okungezwe ku-Hoành phi”Futhi yalengiswa ngaphezulu kwayo, i-" hoành phi "enhle encanyana efana nephepha lencwadi elinemikhawulo eqoqiwe. Masiphume esikhaleni esasibekelwe i-altare futhi sibheke eceleni; sizobona ngababili abambalwa bezinsika ezinkulu zokhuni-ezakhiwe ngokufanelekile ekwakhiweni ezindala zithuthukisa inhlonipho, ukuthobeka nobungcwele bendawo. Sisakhohlwa ukusho imisho efanayo ehlonipha isimo somndeni noma siveze okuvelayo, okuvame ukubethelwa ezinsikeni ezinemisho efana nale: (Izimfanelo zokhokho bazohlala ziqinile futhi ziyohlala izinkulungwane zeminyaka Ukonwaba kwezizukulwane ngezizukulwane kuyakuba yinto emangalisayo).

   Ekugcineni, siyabona sibekwe phambi kwesihenqo sikasilika obomvu isibani esibizwa ngokuthi “sikhonze isibani"(tự đăng). Lesi isibani esibambe ngaphakathi kwawo ipuleti eliqukethe uwoyela wethanga kanye nentambo. Kamuva, ngemuva kokufika kwabahlaseli baseFrance, abantu basibuyisela isibani sikakharafini esisebenza kathathu. Emadolobheni, ukukhulekelwa kuthathelwa indawo isibani sikagesi esivame ukukhanyiswa imini nobusuku. Ikakhulu kwi Izinsuku ezingama-3, njengoba ngezinsuku ezinjalo umuntu ezwa sengathi imiphefumulo yokhokho bakhe ikhona. Ngokujwayelekile, izinto zokukhuleka ezingenhla zenziwe ngezinto ezinjengokhuni oluyigugu, upholishi wethusi. Abantu abampofu bafisa nje ukuthi kube nezinto zokukhulekela ezenziwe ngokhuni lwezithelo, uhlobo lwezinkuni ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqopha ibhodi lokuphrinta elinephunga elimnandi futhi elingadliwanga ngabathwali bezinkuni. Abantu abanobuhlakani ngokwengeziwe bazoba nezinto ezinjalo zihlanganiswa.

    Isiko lendabuko labantu bakithi lidinga ukuthi, uma singena onyakeni omusha, konke kumele kube kusha, ngakho-ke, kuma-altare kuyo yonke imindeni isethi yokushisa impepho kanye nezinti zamakhandlela kufanele konke kupholishwe kahle ukuze kutholakale okumsulwa nokuphelele ukukhazimula. Kuma-altare amathuna anenhlonipho, izinto zokukhulekela eziboniswayo ziyefana kuzo zombili izifunda, kuyilapho into ebaluleke kunazo zonke izingcezu ezintathu zezinto zokukhulekela (umcibisholo wempepho nezibani ezimbili).

    Isishisi sempepho sibekwa enkabeni, ngasemaphethelweni e-altare, futhi sisebenza kahle futhi sihlukaniswe nengaphakathi laso elingenalutho elisetshenziselwa ukubamba umlotha, nesembozo salo okuyimihlobiso engaguquki efana nepentshisi, i-unicorn, a i-crane… Iphinde yahlobisa ngezinhlamvu zendabuko zamaShayina ezinjengokuthi: Ukuhlonipha uNkulunkulu, indodana kaFilial, isibusiso, ingcebo njll. Kanye nemihlobiso emihle yimidwebo eboshiwe, evumela impepho ukuthi isakaze intuthu yayo enephunga.

   Izibani zibekwa ngokulandelana kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zesibazi sempepho. Inezingxenye ezintathu: isisekelo, umzimba kanye nesitsha esiyindilinga esifakwe phakathi kwesisekelo nomzimba, okuhloswe ngaso ukuqoqa umlotha owa phansi usuka esibani. Ngaphezulu komzimba wayo kuvulekile okuyindilinga okusetshenziselwa ukubamba ikhandlela, ngokwesisekelo saso, imvamisa iyindilinga. Abantu baseNingizimu bathanda ukusebenzisa umshini wokushisa impepho wesikwele (emelela izimfanelo ezine), Ngenkathi abantu baseCentral naseNyakatho yeVietnam bathanda uhlobo olumise okwendilinga (emele ilanga). Kukhona kumaqoqo ahlukahlukene ama-pagodas we-zethusi eshisa ukushisa impepho aze afike ku-80cm futhi asindeke ngama-10 kilos noma ngaphezulu kwama-10 kilos. Ngenkathi, phakathi kwabantu abaningi, uhlobo oluphakeme lwe-40cm luvame ukusetshenziswa; ayenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngethusi, njengoba kuncike kubasebenzisi, abangahle bacebile noma bampofu abantu. Ezinsukwini ezedlule, ukuze umuntu abe nesishisi sempepho esikhanyayo, inzalo kwakufanele ichithe usuku olunosuku, isebenzisa i-carambola, ulamula nesihlabathi ukuyipula, bese uyomile elangeni amahlandla amathathu noma amane ngaphambi kokuyibuyisela e-altare.

    Namuhla, siphila esikhathini sezimboni nezentengiso, ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, singabona yonke indawo abasebenzi abaningi benamabhokisi abo amathuluzi, bekulungele ukuphrinta zonke izinhlobo zezinto zethusi nezensimbi, ikakhulukazi ngosuku lwama-23 Inyanga yokugcina lapho ikhishi uNkulunkulu ehlehlela ezulwini; ngosuku olunjalo, abasebenza umsebenzi wokuvota babevame ukuba nomsebenzi omningi wokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu…

    Ngasemkhondweni we unyaka omusha ongcwele, konke kusha futhi kusha.³

QAPHELA:
¹ Hlanganisa uSolwazi HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
² Ngokusho kukaBÌNH NGUYÊN LỘC - (Ukulahleka nezinzuzo zeSiko noma iTransquil Tets eningizimu) - ISaigon, i-Oriental Review, izingqinamba ezikhethekile ezi-19 no-20, Januwari nangoFebhuwari, 1973.

QAPHELA:
¹ Hlanganisa uSolwazi HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
² "Hợp hương dĩ đồng chế" (imbiza yethusi ye-Urn-enjengezinkuni ze-aquilaria).
³  Ngokusho kuka "ĐÀO TĂNG"Iqoqo labashisi bezimpepho eTết”- (Umagazini wabantu) langoJan. 24, 1999 - k

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

QAPHELA:
Umthombo: U-Vietnamese Lunar New Year - Umkhosi Omkhulu - Asso. UProf HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
Images Izithombe ze-Bold kanye ne-sepia zisethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com

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