I-Trionychidae softshell turtle

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     The I-Trionychidae a umndeni we-taxonomic kwenani ufudu genera, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi izimfudu ezithambile. Lo mndeni wakhiwe ngu ULeopold Fitzinger e 1826. Ama-Softshells zihlanganisa ezinye ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni izimfudu zamanzi ahlanzekile, nakuba abaningi bengakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlala ezindaweni ezinogwadule. Amalungu alo mndeni atholakala Afrika, Asia, Futhi i-America esenyakatho, enezinhlobo ezashabalala ezaziwayo Australia. Izinhlobo eziningi zifakiwe ku uhlobo I-Trionyx, kodwa abaningi baye bathuthela kwezinye izindawo ukukhiqiza (ama-softshell aseNorth America Apalone abekwe e-Trionyx kuze kube ngu-1987).

     Ti-rionychidae babizwa “i-softshell” ngenxa yokuthi ama-carapace awo awanawo ama-horn scutes (izikali), nakuba igobolondo elithambile, I-Apalone spinifera, inakho ukuqagela okufana nesikali, yingakho igama layo. I-carapace iyisikhumba futhi iyathandeka, ikakhulukazi emaceleni. Ingxenye emaphakathi ye-carapace inongqimba lwethambo eliqinile ngaphansi kwayo, njengakwezinye izimfudu, kodwa lokhu akukho emaphethelweni angaphandle. Igobolondo elilula neliguquguqukayo lalezi zimfudu lizivumela ukuthi zihambe kalula emanzini avulekile noma ngaphansi kwechibi elinodaka. Ukuba negobolondo elithambile nakho kuzivumela ukuthi zihambe ngokushesha emhlabeni kunezimfudu eziningi. Izinyawo zabo zinolwembu futhi zinezinzipho ezintathu, yingakho igama lomndeni elithi “I-Trionychidae," okusho ukuthi "ezinezinzipho ezintathu“. Umbala we-carapace wohlobo ngalunye lwe ufudu oluthambile ijwayele ukufanisa umbala wesihlabathi noma udaka endaweni yaso, isiza “lalelani" indlela yokudla.

     Ti-rionychidae zinezici eziningi eziphathelene nabo indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Abaningi kufanele bacwiliswe emanzini ukuze bagwinye ukudla kwabo. Anamakhala amade, athambile, afana ne-snorkel. Izintamo zazo zinde ngokulinganayo uma ziqhathaniswa nobukhulu bemizimba yazo, okuzenza zikwazi ukuphefumula umoya ongaphezulu kuyilapho imizimba yazo ihlezi icwile ku-substrate. (udaka noma isihlabathi) unyawo noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi komhlaba.

     Females I-Trionychidae ingakhula ibe ngamamitha amaningana ububanzi be-carapace, kuyilapho abesilisa behlala bebancane kakhulu; lokhu kuyindlela yabo eyinhloko ye-dimorphism yocansi. I-Pelochelys cantorii, etholakala ngaphakathi INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, inkulu kunawo wonke ufudu oluthambile.

    The I-Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis, i-Chinese softshell turtle) uhlobo lwe ufudu oluthambile lokho kudabuka khona I-Inner Mongolia, i-Guangxi, i-Hong Kong, i-Taiwan, i-Russia, i-Korea, i-Japan, i-Vietnam (i-softshell turtle enamabala i-Pelodiscus variegatus).

    Mama-ost ayizilwane ezidla inyama eziqinile, ezinokudla okuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans asemanzini, iminenke, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ngokuvumelana ne I-Ditmars (1910): "I-mandibles yezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zakha umngcele ongaphandle wezinqubo ezinamandla zokuchoboza-izindawo ze-alveolar zemihlathi.", esiza ekudleni inyamazane eqinile njengama-molluscs. Lemihlathi yenza izimfudu ezinkulu zibe yingozi, njengoba zikwazi ukunqamula umunwe womuntu, noma mhlawumbe isandla sakhe.

    Samatshe bayakwazi"phefumula” ngaphansi kwamanzi nokunyakaza okunesigqi komlomo wawo, oqukethe izinqubo eziningi ezikhishwa igazi eliningi, elisebenza ngendlela efanayo nemicu yamagill ezinhlanzini. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside.

Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis)

    The U-Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis, ufudu oluthambile lwe-Chinese) iwuhlobo lwe-softshell turtle edabuka kulo I-Inner Mongolia, i-Guangxi, i-Hong Kong, i-Taiwan, i-Russia, i-Korea, i-Japan, i-Vietnam (ufudu olumagqabhagqabha oluthambile i-Pelodiscus variegatus).

    Pelodiscus sinensis izimfudu ezithambile hlala emanzini ahlanzekile nanosawoti. Lezi i-softshell izintambo zitholakala emifuleni, emachibini, emachibini, emiseleni, emifudlaneni enamanzi ahamba kancane, emaxhaphozini, emiseleni yokukhipha amanzi. Ba ba gai softshell turtles bavame ukucwilisa amakhanda abo emanzini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi baphethe isakhi sofuzo esikhiqiza iphrotheni ebavumela ukuthi bakhiphe i-urea emilonyeni yabo. Lokhu kuzijwayeza kuzisiza ukuthi ziphile emanzini anosawoti ngokwenza kube lula ukuthi zikhiphe i-urea ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi anosawoti omningi. Esikhundleni sokuqeda i-urea ngokuchama nge-cloaca njengoba kwenza izimfudu eziningi, okubandakanya ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamanzi, zimane zihlanza imilomo yazo emanzini.   

    These Ba Gai zidla kakhulu inyama kanye nezinsalela zezinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusk, izinambuzane, imbewu yezitshalo zamaxhaphozi.

     Fama-emails we I-Pelodiscus sinensis ufudu oluthambile ingafinyelela ku-33 cm (13 amayintshi) ngobude be-carapace, kanti abesilisa abancane bafinyelela ku-27 cm (11 amayintshi), kodwa zinemisila emide kuneyezinsikazi. Ukuvuthwa kufinyelelwa kubude be-carapace obuyi-18-19 cm (7–7.5 amayintshi). Inezinyawo ezinolwebu zokubhukuda. Lezi Ba Gai finyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili esikhathini esithile phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 neyisi-6. Zikhwelana phezulu noma ngaphansi kwamanzi. Iduna lizobamba imbeleko yensikazi ngamanqina angaphambili futhi lingase lilume ekhanda, entanyeni nasezithweni. Abesifazane bangase bagcine isidoda cishe unyaka ngemva kokuhlangana. Izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda angama-8-30 (cishe 20 mm noma 0.79 amayintshi ububanzi) ekubanjeni (cishe 76–102 mm noma 3–4 amayintshi) futhi ingase ibeke ama-clutch amabili kuya kwangu-2 unyaka ngamunye. Amaqanda abekwa esidlekeni esingaphesheya emnyango. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokufukamela esiyizinsuku ezingaba ngu-5, esingase sibe side noma sibe sifushane kuye ngezinga lokushisa, amaqanda achanyuselwa. Isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi be-carapace yokuchanyuselwa cishe singama-60 mm (1 intshi). Ubulili bamaphuphu abunqunywa izinga lokushisa ekufukameleni.

Ba Tron (I-Wattle-necked softshell turtle)

     The Ufudu oluthambile lwegobolondo lwentamo (Palea steindacheri*), eyaziwa nangokuthi Ufudu olunegobolondo elithambile lukaSteindachner, isengozini Izinhlobo zase-Asia ze-softshell turtle emndenini I-Trionychidae. Uhlobo yilona kuphela ilungu le uhlobo lwePalea. Badabuka khona INingizimu-mpumalanga yeChina (I-Guangdong, i-Guangxi, i-Guizhou, i-Hainan, i-Yunnan), Laos, Vietnam. (*UFranz Steindachner, isazi sezilwane sase-Austrian).

     Pi-alea i-steindachneri ibonisa i-dimorphism yocansi. Abesifazane balolu fudu lwamanzi ahlanzekile bafinyelela ku-44.5 cm (17.5 amayintshi) ubude be-carapace obuqondile, kanti abesilisa bafinyelela ku-36 cm kuphela (14 amayintshi). Nokho, abesilisa banomsila omude kunezinsikazi.

BAN TU THU
08 / 2022