IGOUJIAN: Inkemba YaseShayina Yasendulo Yayihlaziya Isikhathi

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IBryan Hill ¹

     Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, inkemba engandile futhi engajwayelekile yatholakala ethuneni laseChina. Naphezu kokuba uphilile ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-2,000, inkemba, eyaziwa ngokuthi i Isi-Goujian, ayizange ibe nomkhondo owodwa wokugqwala. I-blade idonse igazi lapho isazi semivubukulo sihlola umunwe onqenqemeni lwaso, kubonakala kungathinteki ukuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphandle kwale mfanelo engajwayelekile, ubungcweti babunemininingwane eminingi ngenkemba eyenziwe kudala kangaka. Njengoba ithathwa njengengcebo yombuso eChina namuhla, inkemba ifana nenganekwane kubantu baseChina njengeKing Arthur's Excalibur eNtshonalanga.

     In 1965, abavubukuli babenza inhlolovo ku Isifundazwe saseHubei, kumakhilomitha ayi-7 kuphela (Amamayela angu-4) kusuka kumanxiwa aseJinan, inhloko-dolobha ye umbuso wasendulo we-Chu, lapho bethola amathuna asendulo angamashumi amahlanu. Ngesikhathi kuvubukwa amathuna, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi inkemba kaGoujian kanye nezinye izinto ezingama-2,000 XNUMX zobuciko. 

Ukutholwa kweGoujian

   Ngokusho komholi wethimba lezemvelo elibhekele ukumbiwa kwalolu daba, litholwe ethuneni, ebhokisini eliseduze nasesikebheni eliseduze nomoya. Iqembu lamangala lapho inkemba yethusi ebilondolozwe kahle isuswe ebhokisini. Lapho lingakahlanjululwa, leli banga lavezwa ukuthi alifundile yize lalingcwatshwe ezindaweni ezinamanzi iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngabavubukuli kwabonisa ukuthi ibala lingasika kalula isitaki sezingcezu zamaphepha ezingamashumi amabili.

Izinkemba zikaJian

    The Inkemba yeGoujian ungomunye wabokuqala owaziwa Izinkemba zikaJian, inkemba eqondile esika nhlangothi zombili esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokugcina iminyaka 2,500 eChina. Izinkemba zikaJian ziphakathi kwezinhlobo zokuqala zenkemba eChina futhi zihlobene kakhulu nezinganekwane zaseChina. Ezinganekwaneni zamaShayina, kwaziwa ngokuthi “Ubumnene Bezikhali”Futhi uthathwa njengesinye sezikhali ezine ezinkulu, kanye nabasebenzi, umkhonto nesaber.

  Okufishane kuqhathaniswa nezingcezu zomlando ezifanayo, i Inkemba yeGouijan is a inkemba yethusi okuhlushwa okukhulu kwe ithusi, okwenza kube lula ukubamba futhi kungabi namathuba okuphahlazeka. Amaphethelo enziwe tin, kuzenze zibe lukhuni futhi zikwazi ukugcina unqenqema olubukhali. Kukhona namanani amancane we- iron, uhole futhi isibabule enkembeni, futhi ucwaningo luveze ingxenye ephezulu yesibabule kanye sulfide indebe, enikeza inkemba ikhwalithi yayo yokuvikela ukugqwala. Ama-etchings amnyama we-rhombic amboza zombili izinhlangothi zensimbi ne-glaze eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-turquoise efakwe esibambo senkemba. Ukubanjwa kwenkemba kuboshwe ngosilika ngenkathi ipommel yakhiwa yimibuthano eyi-11. Inkemba iyalinganisa 55.7 cm ubude (I-21.9 ku), kufaka phakathi i 8.4 cm (I-3.3 ku) isibambo sakhiwe, futhi ine 4.6 cm (I-1.8 ku) blade ebanzi. It inesisindo esingu-875 amagremu (30.9oz. 

Ukuchaza umbhalo

   Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwecala, amakholomu amabili wombhalo ziyabonakala nge izinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili, eduze kwesibaya, okubhalwe phansi ngesiShayina sasendulo. Iskripthi, esaziwa nge- “鸟 虫 文” (ngokoqobo “'izinyoni futhi izikelemu izinhlamvu ”) libhekene nokuhlobisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwimichilo echazayo, futhi ehlukile kwe Zhuan lokho kunzima kakhulu ukukufunda. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kwaveza izinhlamvu eziyisithupha kulezi eziyisishiyagalombili. Bafunda, “越 王” (Inkosi kaJuefuthi “自 作用 作用” (“Wenze le nkemba (yakhe) ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu"). Izinhlamvu ezimbili ezisele kungenzeka ukuthi igama lenkosi. 

    Kusukela ekuzalweni kwayo ku 510 BC ukubulawa kwalo ezandleni ze UChu in 334 BC, kubusa amakhosi ayisishiyagalolunye Yue, kuhlanganise Isi-Goujian, ULu Cheng, UBu Shou, Futhi UZhu Gou, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuthi ungubani inkosi eyayiphethe inkemba kwavusa impikiswano phakathi kwabavubukuli nesazi solimi lwesiShayina. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezimbili, ochwepheshe bakha ukuvumelana okwakuqala umnikazi we Inkemba kwaba Isi-Goujian (496 - 465 BC), okwenza inkemba izungeze 2,500 iminyaka ubudala. 

    Isi-Goujian wayengumbusi odumile emlandweni waseChina owabusa I-Yue State ngesikhathi Spring futhi Isikhathi Sokuqhuma (771 - 476 BC). Lesi bekuyisikhathi esimakwe yiziphithiphithi ngaphakathi kwe- UZyn Dynasty futhi ithatha igama laso ku Spring futhi Ama-Autumn Annals, ebhala le nkathi. The Spring futhi Isikhathi Sokuqhuma wayedume ngemikhankaso yezempi; lezi zingxabano zaholela ekuphelelisweni kwezikhali kwaze kwaba sezingeni lokuthi zazimelana ngendlela eyisimanga futhi ziyabulala, kuthatha iminyaka ukwakha nokuhlala amakhulu eminyaka. Indaba ye Isi-Goujian futhi UFuchai, Inkosi ye Isimo se-Wu, ukulwa ne-hegemony kudumile kulo lonke elase China. Noma Isi-Goujianka- Umbuso yahlulwa okokuqala yi Isimo seWu, Isi-Goujian wayezohola amabutho akhe ekunqobeni iminyaka eyi-10 kamuva. 

Izakhiwo ezihlukile

    Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwayo ngokomlando, izazi eziningi ziye zazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi le nkemba ihlale ngaphandle kokugqwala endaweni enomswakama, ngaphezu kwalokho iminyaka 2,000, nokuthi imihlobiso ebushelelezi yayiqoshwe kanjani enkemba. The inkemba kaGoujian isabukhali nanamuhla njengakuqala lapho yadalwa, futhi akukho ndawo eyodwa yokugqwala engatholakala emzimbeni namuhla.

    Abaphenyi bahlaziye izinduku zethusi zakudala ngethemba lokuthola indlela yokuphindaphinda ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwe ukudala inkemba. Bathola ukuthi inkemba iyamelana ne-oxidation ngenxa yesulphation ebusweni benkemba. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe ne-scabbard evalwe ngumoya, kwavumela inkemba eyinganekwane ukuthi itholakale isesimweni esingajwayelekile.

    Uvivinyo luphinde lubonise ukuthi izinkemba-zabaphucwa baka Wu futhi Izifunda ze-Yue ENingizimu China phakathi Spring futhi Isikhathi Sokuqhuma bafinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lensimbi okwazile ukufaka ama-alloys-rlo-proof kuma-blade abo, abasiza ukuba baphile iminyaka engenasici. 

Kulimele Inkemba

    In 1994, lo Inkemba yeGoujian ibolekwe ukuze iboniswe ngaphakathi Singapore. Lapho umuntu osebenza esusa inkemba ecaleni layo lapho ephetha umbukiso, wangqongqoza isikhali, wabanga ukuqhekeka okungu-7mm. Umonakalo udale isiyaluyalu eChina futhi awuzange uvunyelwe ngaphandle kwezwe futhi. Manje igcinwa IHubei Museum Museum.

Okubhekwayo

+ “Inkemba yeGoujian. ” I-HistoriaRex.com. http://historiarex.com/e/en/89-sword-of-goujian.
+ “Inkemba Yezinkemba: Inkemba yeGoujian. ” Isiko LaseChina.
http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_curiosity/2004-06/23/content_47488.htm
+ U-Andrei, uMihai. "Inkemba yaseGoujian - Ayiphelanga ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2700. ” Isayensi yeZME. Okthoba 21, 2011.
+ IKalamidas, iThanos. "IBlayethi Eliqothule iMillennia. ” Gbtimes.com. Ephreli 17, 2013.
http://gbtimes.com/life/blade-defeated-millennia

BAN TU THƯ
03 / 2020

AMANOTHI:
¹ IBryan Hill: UBryan uthweswe iziqu zeBachelor of Art in History eSuffolk University futhi unolwazi ngomsebenzi wokuzithandela wasemnyuziyamu futhi usebenza namaqembu ezingane eMnyuziyamu yeSayensi kanye neNational Park Service. Usehambe ibanga elide enqamula i-United States kanye nakwamanye amazwe. Ngemuva kokuthatha ama-semesters amabili phesheya nge-University of Mississippi, wavakashela amanxiwa nezindawo zamaphiramidi eMexico lapho aqala khona ukwazisa amasiko nempucuko yasendulo. Ngenkathi elapho, waphinde wafunda nolimi lwesibili ngeSpanishi. Kanye nokuba iziqu zezeMlando, uBryan uyilungu lePhi Alpha Theta National Honors Society. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, uBryan uyakujabulela ukusebenza, afunde futhi abe nentshisekelo kwezokwelapha kanye nokudla okunempilo.
Umthombo: Imvelaphi Yasendulo, Ukuphindwaphindwa Kwesikhathi Esidlule Sabantu: i-asendulo-imvelaphi.net
Images Izithombe ze-Bold kanye ne-sepia zisethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com