Izinhlobo zezikole ezi-MARTIAL ARTS ngokusebenzisa ama-FEUDAL DYNASTies
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Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwesintu kusuka emlandweni wasendulo wezikhathi zakudala, imibuso enamandla eMpumalanga (I-Mongolia, China,…) noma eNtshonalanga (I-Roman, iGrisi,…) bebelokhu befuna ukunqoba amazwe ampofu ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwesifunda ukuze banelise umbono wabo wobukhosi.
Futhi, emlandweni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo emlandweni wanamuhla nowesimanje, amazwe athuthukile aseNtshonalanga enza izinto zesayensi (ugesi, umusi, imikhumbi, izikhali) bathola izindlela zabo zokuhlasela amazwe asathuthuka eMpumalanga futhi bawaxhaphaze njengezizinda zokusebenzela inkululeko nentando yeningi.
Ngesikhathi sokuvela, Vietnam [Việt Nam] kwaba inhloso yokuhlasela "ukuthi kube yimpucuko".
Ngakho-ke, Impucuko yaseVietnam wathinteka empucukweni eminingi evela eChina, Japan, India, Europe, United States.
Eziqeshini zezinhlanga ezibolekise ulimi namasiko amaChinese ukuthuthukisa amasiko esizwe phakathi nomlando wenkathi ephakathi, emlandweni wanamuhla nowamanje (kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19), Vietnam [Việt Nam] Ishintshwe ukusebenzisa imibhalo yesiLatini emhlabeni wase China1 eMpumalanga Asia: Nam [Nam] (Vietnam), I-Dong (INingizimu Korea), Yamato (Japan),….
Kusuka enkathini yasendulo kuya emlandweni wanamuhla (kuze kube yilapho ibutho laseFrance libeka amandla alo okulawula iVietnam ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19), uhlelo lwemfundo yendabuko ku Vietnam [Việt Nam] wathonywa kakhulu izisekelo zikaConfucian izinkulungwane zeminyaka zomlando.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqeqesha isigaba esibusayo ukusiza ukuvikela nokukhulisa ama-dynasties, indlela yokuqeqesha esetshenziswe ku Vietnam [Việt Nam] ukuthola amathalente kwakungehlukile kumodeli yamaShayina.
Sizama ukuthola ngalolu daba, singahamba ngamafuphi ngokuqukethwe okuyisisekelo njengokulandelayo:
Isizwe saseVietnam masisha sacabanga ngezindlela zokufunda ukukhetha abantu nokuthi sisebenzise abantu abanamakhono ukuthola ifa lobukhosi noma amandla nezinguquko kwezepolitiki.
Lapho kukhethwa abaholi bamasosha enkantolo yezwe, kunezindlela ezimbili:
The indlela yokuqala ikhetha ngokususelwa kwiminikelo yomuntu siqu nokufanelana noma amalungu omndeni wobukhosi. Abantu abakhethwe yile ndlela abahambanga ngokuqeqeshwa. Le ndlela yayisetshenziswa ngaphambi kwekhulu le-16.
The indlela yesibili ukuqeqeshwa okhokhelwayo. Amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini ababengabaholi bezempi ayezoqeqeshwa ukuthi anyuswe ngokusemthethweni ezikoleni zamasosha empi. UGiang Vo [Giảng Võ] Isikole kwakuyisikole sokuqala kwezobuciko ngaleso sikhathi.
UGiang Vo [Giảng Võ] Isikole sakhiwa ngaphakathi I-Tran [Bare] Ubukhosi1253). Kwakuyindawo abaholi bezempi kanye namalungu ombuso ukwenza ubuciko bempi ukukhethwa. Kulesi sikole sempi yobuciko, kwabhalwa incwadi yezempi, eyayiyincwadi esekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezimpi zangempela.
Ngakho-ke, ojenene abaningi abadumile ababalwe ngaphezulu batholakala ngesikhathi I-Tran [Bare] Ubukhosi.
Kodwa-ke, uhlu lwamakhosi ngamunye lwalunezinketho zalo. Kusukela ekuqaleni Le [Le] Ubukhosi986), ukukhetha kwamaqhawe kwakususelwa kuphela ngokomzimba olomzimba (imizimba ephilile) noma okwenziwe (ubuciko bempi).
The Le [Le] ubukhosi babenendlela yabo yokukhetha. Kuze kubusa I-Le Du Tong [U-Lê Dụ Tông] (Igama lenkathi yi-Bao Thai [Bảo Thái]), ukukhetha kufaniswe nalawo ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaDuong, uThong, Thanh [Đường, Tống, Kunalokho] (Trinh Cuong's [Trịnh Cường] ukubusa), okwalandela indlela yamazwe omhlaba ngaleso sikhathi eyayisetshenziswa yiChina, izwe eliqinile elinomthelela endaweni enkulu, ikakhulukazi e-East Asia (EJapan, Korea, Vietnam).
Ngemuva kwalokho, izivivinyo zokuqala zobuciko bempi zaqala lapho UGiang Vo [Giảng Võ] Isikole ngo-1721 (unyaka wesibili kubusa iBao Thai [Bảo Thái]). Kwakunama-mandarin abizwa giyo thu [giáo thụ] (ama-mandarin aphethe imfundo edolobheni) obhekelele imfundo yobuciko bempi yama-mandarin ngekharikhulamu ethize ebizwa ngeMilics Classics.
Kuze kubuse I-Le Du Tong [U-Lê Dụ Tông] (1721) ukuthi indlela entsha yokufundisa yayisetshenziselwa wonke umuntu, ngendlela esiyibiza nge-socialization kulezi zinsuku. Vo hoc [Võ học] ngakho-ke, ihhovisi lokufunda ngobuciko bempi (enhlokodolobha Thang Long [Thăng Long]) yayingaphansi kokuphathwa kwe-mandarin enomthwalo wemfanelo.
Kusukela lapho, imithetho nemigomo yemincintiswano yobuciko bempi yabekwa, ngokuqinile njengokukhethwa kwama-mandarin ezincwadi.
Ngenkathi umncintiswano wezincwadi uhlelwe waba ngamazinga amathathu “Tham hui, thi hoi, ngu thi"[thi hư hng, thi hội, thi đình] (ukuhlolwa kwesifundazwe, ukuhlolwa kwamadolobha amakhulu, ukuhlolwa kwenkantolo yombuso), umncintiswano wezobuciko bempi wenziwa ngamazinga amabili kuphela. Izinga lokuqala lalikhona Ngakho-ke cu [Sở cử] (thi Huong [thi Hương]); izinga lesibili kwakunguBac cu [I-Bác cử] (thi Hoi [thi Hội]).
Umncintiswano wawunamandla kangangokuba imbongi UTran Te Xuong [I-Trần Tế Xương] waba nobunzima ezivivinyweni zakhe. Wababaza:
Kwaphela iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili engakwazi ukusiza ukwephula imithetho yokuhlolwa [Tám năm không khỏi phạm trường quy].
Imithetho yayisetshenziswa ngokuqinile emiqhudelwaneni yezincwadi nobuciko bempi. Ithebula lemithetho ngokuvamile libonakala ngaphandle kwesikole ukuze abafundi bazi. H. Oger aqopha okuqukethwe yimithetho kepha UHan Nom [IsiShayina] ukuvimba izinkuni bekukuncane kakhulu ukuthi kungachazwa (Figure). Ngokuqondene nomncintiswano wezobuciko bempi, umthetho wokuqala kwakungamelwe ulethe noma yiziphi izincwadi. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi izincwadi zazikopishwa ezikalini ezincane ekhasini lembewu kaJackfruit (kulezi zinsuku abafundi basebenzisa amakhophi amancane abizwa ngokuthi i-phao [ukukopela ezivivinyweni]).
QAPHELA:
1: U-LÉON VANDERMEERSCH, Le nouveau monde sinisé, EParis: Seuil, 1985.
◊ Isithombe - Umthombo: Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng ku- “Kỹ thuật của người An Nam” (I-Technique du peuple Annamite) kaH. Oger eHanoi (I-1908-1909)
BAN TU THU
11 / 2019
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ Amasosha Nezinja