UMBHALO omfushane WOKUGCINA NGOKUKHENZA - Isigaba 4

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UDonny Trương¹
Isikole Sobuciko eGeorge Mason University

… Kuqhutshelwa isigaba 3:

DALA INSELELE

    Ukwakhiwa kwamamaki wokudweba, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwawo okungenamthungo nezinhlamvu, kubalulekile ekwenzeni Ukubhala kweVietnamese kucace futhi kufundeke. Amamaki kumele ahambisane nalo lonke uhlelo lwefonti ukudala ukugeleza kombhalo okungaphazamiseki. Imivimbo yamamaki kufanele isebenzisane kahle nezinhlamvu eziyisisekelo ukusiza abafundi ukuthola incazelo yamagama. Akumele zingene ngendlela yezinhlamvu eziyisisekelo futhi zishayisane ngezinhlamvu eziseduze. Uma kucatshangelwa ibhalansi, ukuvumelana, isikhala, isikhundla, ukubekwa, umehluko, usayizi nesisindo, abaklami kufanele banqobe inselelo ngayinye ukudala uhlobo lwenhlanganisela lwe-Vietnamese oluyimpumelelo. Izibonelo ezikulesi sahluko zisebenza njengezethenjwa zabaklami ukugwema izingibe lapho kudalwa Izinhlamvu zaseVietnam.

ISITHOMBE

    Isimo samamaki wokudidiyela angahluka. Njengoba kuboniswe lapha, ama-accents angabekwa ohlangothini lokunene lwe-circflex, kuzinhlangothi zombili (imvamisa i-acute ngakwesokunene nethuna ngakwesobunxele), noma ngaphezulu. Ama-Accents ngakwesokunene alungele ukuvumelana nokugeleza kombhalo wemvelo. Ama-accents nhlangothi zombili ayahlukeka ngaphezulu, kepha anganciphisa inqubo yama-saccade. Ama-Accents ngaphezulu alinganiselwe, kepha angathinta okuholayo. Ukuze kube lula nokunethezeka kokufunda, ama-accents (kufaka phakathi igwegwe ngaphezulu) zibekwe ngokungaguquki ngakwesokunene ziyanconywa, kepha abaklami bohlobo kufanele bakhethe izikhundla ezihambisana kahle nokuklanywa kwabo.

VULA UKUDLULA

    Amamaki wedayikhodi akufanele ahambisane nezinhlamvu eziseduze. Ama-accents kumele avele alinganise ngezinhlamvu zawo eziyisisekelo kanye nezinhlamvu eduze kwawo. Esibonelweni esilandelayo, a i-acute (dấnathiắc) iphahlazeke encwadini t futhi ingcwaba (dấu huyền) iphahlazeke encwadini đ e Palatino (phansi). Imiphumela i-jarring futhi iyaphazamisa; Ngakho-ke, ukushayisana kwama-accents kumele kugwenywe, okuyi-Noto Serif (top) ukwenzile.

UKUKHALA

    Ukugwema ukushayisana, izinhlamvu ezinamazwi zidinga ukulungiswa kwesikhala. Ukhiye awukona kuphela ukulinganisa phakathi kwezinhlamvu, kodwa namamaki wokudwebela. Letinhlavu nemamaki wekudvweba kudzingeka avumelane ngawo wonkhe. Esibonelweni esilandelayo, onkamisa abanamathuna (ngenhla) bakhinyabezelwa ukuvimba ukuthinta izinhlamvu zabo eziphezulu bese basebenzisana njengeyunithi ukwakha igama.

AMAHORA OKUKHALA

    Uma ubude bophondo encwadini U banzi kakhulu, kungathinta izikhala ngohlamvu olulandelayo. Ngonobumba be-diagonal ikakhulukazi, igebe eliphakathi kwezinhlamvu (Ư futhi T) ingaba sikhulu njengegama lesikhala uma izinhlamvu zivulwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqiniswa kokuqina kungasusa ingxenye yento ebalulekile yophondo lwe-U. Ukufushanisa ubude bophondo lwe-U kufakwe kuqala ngaphezulu kokunqwabelana kwezinhlamvu ezimbili.

UKUFAKA AMAHORA

    In Amagama esiVietnam, le ncwadi ư nencwadi ơ kuvame ukuhlangana ndawonye njengendoda: ươ. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa: Trương (isibongo sami), Trường (esikoleni), Thương (ukuthanda), Tương (inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya), Trước (ngaphambi), Sương (amazolo), Chương (isahluko))isiqondiso))ubambo), kanye no-tưởng tượng (cabanga). Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwakheka nokubekwa kwezimpondo kuzo zombili izinhlamvu kufanele kuhambisane ngangokunokwenzeka. Imilo yazo kufanele ifane. Kufanele futhi zibe nokuphakama okufanayo.

SIZE NESisindo

   In Vietnamese, izichazamazwi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekumakeni amathoni — ngaphandle kwazo, okushiwo kungahunyushwe ngokungeyikho. Ngakho-ke, usayizi nesisindo samamaki wokudweba adinga ukuhlanganiswa ngaphandle komthungo. Amamaki ezimpawu kufanele acace futhi aqine njengonobumba bawo base.

UHLELO

    Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhunyushwa kwamalimi kugcizelele isiVietnam, kudinga ukucaciswa ngokwabo futhi kuhambisane nezinhlamvu. Usayizi, ijamo nesisindo semisindo kufanele kulinganiswe ngezinhlamvu zazo eziyisisekelo. Isikhala esiphakathi kwama-glyphs ayisisekelo nama-diacritics kumele ahambisane futhi angavumelani. Ngokwesibonelo, Arno, eklanywe ngu URobert Slimbach, inezici ze-calligraphic ezivumelana phakathi kwemivimbo yezinhlamvu nezimpawu. Izimpawu zokuloba zenzelwe ukuba yingxenye yezinhlamvu.

AMAPHEPHA

   Izihloko ezinekhanda zibeka inselelo yokuhola ngenxa yomkhawulo wesikhala. Ukuze oonobumba abakhulu namamaki wedayiphodi asebenze ngokubambisana, abaklami bohlobo kudingeka baguqule ama-accents, izinhlamvu, noma zombili. Ubukhulu nesisindo sama-accents kumele kulinganise uhlaka lwesisekelo. Ukweqa kabusha izinhlamvu kuwumsebenzi owesabekayo; Ngakho-ke, ukulungisa ama-accents kuyikhambi elilula. Ama-accents kanye ne-angle yawo kungancishiswa ukwamukela izinhlamvu. Isikhala esiphakathi kwama-accents kanye nezihloko ezingaphezulu nazo zingasondelana, kepha akufanele zithintwe. Ukunamathisela ama-accents kuma-capitals kunciphisa ukuba semthethweni.

NGIVIKILE

   I-Accounts noma cha, i-aphansi i kufanelwe kulondolozwe amachaphaza wayo namachaphazelo edikhipiki kudinga ukubekwa ngaphezulu kwawo. Amafonti wedijithali amaningi (uma kungenjalo konke), noma kunjalo, isikhwama esincane i uphonsa ichashazi lakhe lapho lisho njalo. Yize kungenachaphaza i nge-accent akulungile kwezobuchwepheshe, akukuthinti ukufundeka inqobo nje uma uphawu lwe-diacritical libonakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isichasiso sihlanganiswa ne-dotless i iziphatha njenge-ligature futhi ayiphazamisi ekuholeni. Ngoba abafundi bomdabu bajwayele abangenachaphaza i, gcina ichashaza kuncwadi eqinisekisiwe i akudingekile.

IZIMPENDULO

    Inhloso yalo mhlahlandlela ukuqoqa futhi ubonise imibukiso yendawo ethile ngokusekelwa okugcwele kwesiVietnam. Yize ama-typeface ekhombisa afaka iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthayipheni kweVietnamese, ukwakheka kwezimpawu zabo zokudlulisela amagama kungadlala futhi kuhlolwe. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila kukusethingi yombhalo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlanganisela lukhethiwe ngokuya ngokuguquguquka, ukuba lula, ukufundeka, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezimpawu zombili kanye nezimpawu zabo zokuloba.

    Ukuhlaziywa okusondele, ngidale isampula elijwayelekile eliveza zonke izici ze-Vietnamese typographic. Ohlelweni lwesibili, ngingenise uhlelo lokulinganisa lwezinkanyezi ezinhlanu ukuhlola ukuklanywa kwama-diacritics. Ukulinganisa kususelwa ekutheni ama-accents ahambelana kahle kanjani nezinhlamvu zawo zesisekelo. Ngabe bayingxenye yohlelo lwe-typographic? Ingabe banamandla, bacacile futhi bayabonakala? Ngabe ziyathuthukisa noma zivimbela ukufundeka?

    Izincomo zami zikhawulelwe ekufinyeleleni kwami ​​amafonti, kepha ngizoqhubeka nokungeza okuningi njengoba ngizithola. Ngibonga kakhulu kulokho okulandelayo okutholakele lapho nginikeze izinhlobo zazo zokuhlunga ezizosetshenziswa kuleli sayithi: IDarden Studio, DJR, Huerta Tipogáfica, I-Kilotype, UJuanjo López, Rosetta, Futhi UhloboKonke.

… Qhubeka esigabeni 5…

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

QAPHELA:
1: Mayelana nomlobi: UDonny Trương ungumqambi onothando lokuthayipha kanye newebhu. Uthole inkosi yakhe yezobuciko ngemidwebo egqamile eSikoleni Sobuciko eGeorge Mason University. Ungumbhali futhi Ukuthayipha kweWebhu yochwepheshe.
Words Amagama agqamile nemifanekiso ye-sepia isethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com

BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊  UMBHALO omfushane WOKUGCINA NGOKUKHENZA - Isigaba 1
◊  UMBHALO omfushane WOKUGCINA NGOKUKHENZA - Isigaba 2
◊  UMBHALO omfushane WOKUGCINA NGOKUKHENZA - Isigaba 3
◊  UMBHALO omfushane WOKUGCINA NGOKUKHENZA - Isigaba 5