Umlando WE-SPRINGTIME MAGAZINE e-COCHINCHINA - Ingxenye 1
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Ninqwaba yababhali bezindaba abaneminyaka engu-30 no-40 bakholelwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi uMnu. DIỆP VĂN KỶ nguyena wesilisa owathatha isinyathelo sokuqala sokushicilela iphephabhuku lokuqala lasentwasahlobo, kulandela ukunamathela kwakhe kumbuthano wabezindaba - okungukuthi “Đông Pháp” kakhulu (Umagazini wesikhathi we-French Indochina) wekhansela ledolobha u-NGUYỄN KIM ĐÍNH ngo-1927.
Anakuba leyo magazini bekungeka-NGUYỄN KIM ĐÍNH - Umhleli wayo bekungu-TRẦN HUY LIỆU - The Isikhathi se-Đông Pháp (Umdwebo.1) kwakuyiphephabhuku eliyingqayizivele elalibambe iqhaza embuthweni wobuzwe - elakhula liyayaluza ngaleso sikhathi - ngakho lalithole ukunakwa koquqaba abalamukela futhi balifunda. Ngenxa yaleso sizathu, ngasekupheleni kuka-1927, umagazini we-Springtime Time, owawunamakhasi ambalwa nobukhulu obuvamile, wawusuvele ubhalwe ngemibala ebomvu nemnyama, futhi wawusudayiswe ngokushesha.
Hngabe okuqukethwe kwamukelwe ngokufudumele kangaka ngabafundi? Ingabe kwakungenxa yokuvela kwamagama amakhulu osopolitiki abafana no-PHAN CHÂU TRINH, PHAN BỘI CHÂU, noma u-BÙI QUANG CHIÊU? Iqiniso lifakazela ngokuphambene - Kwakungenxa yokuthi "i-eccentric" imbongi NGUYỄN KHẮC HIẾU ngenkondlo yakhe ethi “Ukujabulela Isikhathi Sentwasahlobo" (Chơi Xuân). Ukufunda inkondlo “I-Chơi Xuân” ebhalwe ngendlela elula yama-30s nama-40s, ekuqaleni singase sikholelwe, ukuthi wayehlobanisa nathi injabulo nokuphefumulelwa kwesidakwa lapho sithela ingilazi yaso yewayini ngokumpompoza kanye, kodwa ngokuphambene nenkolelo yethu, empeleni ukwenza, ukufinyezwa kokuqala kwazo zonke izindlela ezihlukene zokujabulela iNtwasahlobo kuzo zonke izinkathi zomlando, kusukela eShayina kuya ezweni lakithi. Konke lokhu ngezinzwa zobuntu, ezombangazwe nezempi…, okuhloswe ngazo ukuvusa ukushisekela izwe.
ANgaleso sikhathi, nakuba kakade sesikhululiwe ezibophweni zezincwadi zesiShayina nesiShayina ezilotshwe ngesiVietnam, le mbongi eyayifisa ukuphila ngendlela yesiFulentshi nokufunda ukukhuluma isiFulentshi, yayingakwazi ukugqashula “izakhiwo ezihambisanayo” kwavela ukubonakala kwe UThần Chung (Nsimbi eyisimangaliso) intwasahlobo ngo-1929 - Kuyadabukisa ukuthi UThần Chung yayihlala isikhashana; yavela ngo-January 7, 1929 futhi yafa isencane kakhulu ngo-March 25, 1930.
The UThần Chung nsuku zonke yayinepheya lama-distich aziswa kakhulu abafundi bayo ngaleso sikhathi:
"Insimbi yasekuseni iyakhala idlulisela kubantu bakithi izilokotho ezinhle ngalezi zinsuku ezintathu ze-Tết ezimnandi. Njengoba sikhathazeke ngokweqile futhi sigcwele uthando ngezwe lethu elidala, siyethemba ukuthi sizoba namathuba amaningi amahle kulezi zinsuku zasentwasahlobo.. "
A Icala elifanayo bekungele-TRẦN THIỆN QUÝ - ngenkathi ephethe I-Trung Lập (Ngachemile) nsuku zonke, waziswa kakhulu ngabafundi, kodwa lapho ejoyina I-Công Luận, walahlekelwa kancane kancane lokho kwazisa.
TUmagazini wasentwasahlobo - owashicilelwa ngaleso sikhathi sasentwasahlobo - nakuba uchazwe kabanzi futhi wakhanyisa - kwakusadingeka abelane ngesiphetho sesizwe enkathini ngayinye yomlando. Esokuqala kwakuyinkathi yezinkinga zezomnotho - futhi kumagazini wasentwasahlobo owashicilelwa ngo-February 14, 1931, umbhali u-NGUYỄN VĂN BA, umhleli, wayekhononde ngosizi lwabantu baseCochin China esihlokweni sakhe esithi: “Tết yonyaka odlule kanye ne-Tết yalo nyaka”. Ake siphinde sifunde isigaba, esigcwele ukungabi nathemba, esihlokweni sakhe ukuze sikwazi ukusiqhathanisa nesigaba esithinta impilo. ITản ảà UNGUYỄN KHẮC HIẾU wayebhale esihlokweni sakhe esinesihloko esithi: “Ukujabulela intwasahlobo”, okukhulunywe ngenhla.
"... Ngenkathi sijabulela isikhathi sokugcina se-Tet, sonke besiqinisekile ukuthi sizokwazi ukujabulela isikhathi se-Tết salo nyaka, kodwa besingalindele ngempela ukuthi kuzoba kanje. Ngonyaka odlule asibanga naso isikhathi esifana nakulo nyaka i-Tết time futhi ukukhuluma iqiniso, asikaze sibe nesikhathi esifanayo se-Tết emlandweni we-Cochin China.".
Sidabukisa kangakanani isikhathi se-Tết kulo nyaka?
Sidabukisa kangakanani lesi sikhathi se-Tân Vi Tết?
Ingeminyaka yawo-30s, ayengekho amaphephandaba amaningi abhalwe ngo- “quốc ngữ" (ulimi lwesiLatini lwesizwe), nakuba abantu bezincwadi babejwayelene namagama abhalwe ngesiLatini. Phakathi kwalawo maphephandaba angavamile, i Thần Chung nsuku zonke kwakuyiyona eyayigqame kakhulu.
Aeqenjini lababhali bezindaba ababhala amaphephandaba nomagazini basentwasahlobo, i I-Công Luận (Umbono Womphakathi) nsuku zonke kwakunomgomo obonakalayo oyisiqondiso: lowo wokuba neqembu elihlukile labahleli omagazini ngamunye wasentwasahlobo - isibonelo ushicilelo olukhethekile lwasentwasahlobo lonyaka ka-1931 lwabhalwa abahleli NGUYỄN VĂN BA kanye no-PHÚ ĐỨC. Ngezindaba ezikhethekile ezilandelayo zasentwasahlobo kwafika ithuba le-VÕ KHẮC THIỆU, DIỆP VĂN KỶ, kwase kuba ngu-TRẦN THIỆN QUÝ.
Anakuba bethakaselwa ngabafundi ngenkathi besahamba ne Thần Chung nsuku zonke - the iqembu u-Kỷ, udumo luka-Ba ayencishisiwe ngesikhathi beyosebenza Công Luận nsuku zonke.
"... Ungacabangi ngezinsuku ezikude, kusukela ngonyaka wokugcina kaTân Vi (1871) kuze kube manje, ngemva kokuba ngaphansi koMvikeli WaseFrance, wonke umuntu eCochin China wayephile ngokujabula, futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho uTết efika, abantu babephuza ukuze babingelele ngenjabulo. entwasahlobo kwaze kwaba unyaka wokugcina (1930), lapho umkhathi nezigcawu zingajabulisi futhi ziphithizela njengakudala, kodwa kusukela kumaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa kuya kwangamashumi ayisishiyagalombili womkhathi weTết wawusabonakala.
Noma ubani ozalelwe kulelizwe angakubona lokho. Nokho, konke kushintshile kulesi sikhathi se-Tân Vi Tết, umuntu angasho ukuthi ngonyaka odlule sibe nezinto eziphindwe kashumi kuyilapho kulo nyaka singenawo ngisho owodwa. Ngonyaka odlule, isitolo esithengisa usilika emgwaqeni uCatinat singathengisa usuku ngalunye amaphiyastre angamakhulu amane noma amahlanu kasilika, kulo nyaka, singathengisa ama-piastre angamashumi amathathu noma amane kuphela ngosuku. Wonke umuntu ukhala ngokuhlangana nokulahlekelwa... "
"... Esinye isizathu salesi simo sidalwa yizinkinga ezenzeke kusukela ngonyaka odlule. "
Bkufanele sazi ukuthi akuwona wonke amaphephandaba nomagazini basentwasahlobo abawele “ngikhathele futhi ngilusizi” isimo, njengoba abanye babo, ngemibono yabo efinyelela kude, babebikezele ikusasa elihle. Ake siphinde sifunde ikhasi le I-Trung Lập (Engakhethi) udaba lwasentwasahlobo ebhalwe ngu-TRẦN THIỆN QUÝ futhi yanyatheliswa ngoJanuwari 21, 1933. Wayeboleke isisho sesiFulentshi esikhuluma ngezinguquko zokuchuma nokwehla, amathuba namashwa - njengefilosofi yaphakade.
"... AmaFulentshi anesisho esithi: “Umoya ongemuhle ongavunguzi muntu”. Lapha, okuhle kuyephuza ukuza, kodwa wonke umuntu uyabona ukuthi kukhona ngempela.
“Uma kungenjalo kungani abantu bakithi base-Annamese sebekwazi manje ukwenza insipho, ukwaluka amasokisi, ukwenza izicathulo zokhuni nokwenza izicathulo zesikhumba; imisebenzi yezandla eminingi ngaphambili eyayigcinelwe amaShayina. Futhi uma kungenjalo, kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi abantu bethu base-Annamese bazi manje ukuthi bavula kanjani indawo yokudlela, izitolo zekhofi, nokudayisa isobho lamaShayina nama-noodle aseShayina?. "
A eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, the Cindezela wanikezwa okuningi"Inkululeko” ngakho yathuthuka ikakhulukazi ngeminyaka ka-1938-1939. Nokho, lapho impi igqashuka, amaphephandaba amaningi ayemisiwe njengoba izintatheli eziningi ziboshwa futhi zagqunywa ejele. I Cindezela wawela esimweni esimangalisayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu babekwazi ukubona amaphephandaba athile kuphela afana I-Điện Tín (Daily Telegraph), I-Sài Gòn (Saigon), Truyền Tin (Ukuxhumana) futhi I-Dân Báo (iphephandaba labantu).
Wmayelana ne I-Dân Báo (Iphephandaba Labantu) - Indoda yezindaba I-BÙI THẾ MỸ yayishicilele ezingu-3 zilandelana izindaba zasentwasahlobo: ngo-1940-1941-1942. Ngaphandle kwabo, omagazini be-ĐẶNG NGỌC ÁNH kanye ne-MAI VĂN NINH babeshicilele izindaba ezi-3 eminyakeni elandelanayo 1943-1944 kanye no-1945.
Ikwabanomoya ophansi”ithoni” yavezwa obala ngesikhathi sobunzima bezomnotho, ngakho-ke, lapho kufika isikhathi sempi, lona leli zwi lisasiza uquqaba ngengqondo yalo ecasulayo. Masiphinde sifunde isihloko esishicilelwe ku Điện Tín e 1945.
"... Abantu ababecashe ngaphansi komsele kuphela ababekwazi ukuthi umhlabathi wawujule kangakanani; futhi yilabo kuphela ababeye olwandle ababekwazi ukuthi ulwandle lukhulu kangakanani. Kule minyaka engu-6 edlule, izwe lethu lalifana nomkhumbi omi olwandle, kuyilapho phakathi nezwe kusekhona umsele omncane wokukhosela.. "
Pukungapheleli kuka-ople kuhlanganisa ukucabanga ukuthi abanye abantu babusiswa kakhulu kunabo, kuyilapho empeleni, usuku nosuku, bethola izibusiso eziningi kakhulu kunezidalwa ezikanye nabo. Noma ngabe isibusiso singaba sincane kangakanani, kufanele sikujabulele ukuba naso, njengoba sidalwe sodwa njengendawo yokukhosela, nakuba incinyane, isamelana nokucindezela komoya, kanye nezingcezu zamabhomu ezibukhali.
Tisigqoko kwakuyisimo sase-CochinChina lapho u-HỒ BIỂU CHÁNH angomunye wofakazi bomlando.
Lbephuma bebheke eHanoi - isizinda sesizwe sonke - abezindaba babenakho, ngomagazini abanjengo I-Tri Tân (Ulwazi Olusha), U-Thanh Nghị (Umbono Womphakathi), Trung Bắc Chủ nhật (NgeSonto Elimaphakathi nelaseNyakatho) ushiye ngemuva ngenzuzo yethu ingcebo eningi yemibhalo, esetshenziselwa Cindezela futhi Imibuthano yemibhalo. Ukukhuluma ngokuqondile izindaba zasentwasahlobo ka Trung Bắc Chủ nhật, Phong Hóa futhi Ngày No yayinqobe ingqondo yabafundi baseShayina baseCochin.
… kwabuyekezwa…