UKUQHUTYWA KWEZIQHAWU ZESIHLanu
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HUNG NGUYEN MANH 1
Kokubili Imvelo nokuthinta komuntu Kwamanje
Siye sabona nge-certainextent ukuthi yikuphi okubekwe e-altare lokokho. Kodwa-ke, izinto ze-altare esaziwa ngathi zazenziwe nje ngensimbi, ngethusi noma ngokhuni ngamakhono anobungcweti. Eqinisweni, singakwazi ukubona ezintweni ezibonisiwe ezihlelwe ngezandla zabantu ukuba khona kweMvelo. IHENRI OGER wasinikeza imidwebo yabathathu tray izithelo eziyisihlanu lapho sizobheka khona kamuva kule ncwadi. Bewusho ukuthini ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu emkhosini omuhle kangaka njengoba unjalo namuhla?
Ngokuqondene ne Abantu baseVietnam, kusukela kudala, izimbali nezithelo zazibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezicucu ze-altare ezazinikelwe ama-Genies, uBuddha nama-Ancestors. Kwakuvame ukubonwa ukuthi maphakathi ne-altare kwakumi isitsha se-josstick esingemva kwalokho okwakuyi-tray yezithelo emihlanu noma "isibuko”Ifreyimu (I-Fig.1) lapho kwakukhonjiswa khona izimbali nezitsha zamanzi. “UTam sơn"(Izintaba ezintathu) luhlobo lokukhulekela lokhuni okwakhiwa izinsuku 3 inesisekelo esijwayelekile, kepha eyaso phakathi iphakeme kunamanye amabili ezinhlangothini zayo zombili ezinokuphakama okufanayo, ngakho-ke ibunjiwe njengentaba, yingakho igama lawo "UTam sơn"(Izintaba ezintathu).
Futhi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzikhumbula, ugqoko wezithelo amahlanu udlulele ngalé kodonga lwama-pagodas namathempeli ukufinyelela imindeni yaseVietnam njengomkhuba wendabuko omuhle.
The ugqoko wezithelo amahlanu isibe isisusa esidumile esiveza okuqukethwe okusebenzayo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, okuqukethe inani lobuhle bendabuko. Ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu yinto engahle ihlobise indawo yokukhonzela kepha futhi idala umoya opholile wamaholide eTết.
Ngokumelene ne Umkhosi Wonyaka Omusha Wonyaka, umlimi wayenakekela ingadi yakhe futhi, phakathi kwezihlahla zakhe zikabhanana, wakhetha inqwaba yobhanana osayizi ofanayo omkhulu onesikhumba esicwebezelayo esimnyama esimnyama futhi wavuthwa ngokwanele kodwa engakavuthwa. Ngaphandle kwebhanana, ezinye izithelo ezifana nezithelo zomvini, isithelo somunwe, i-persimmon, i-orange, i-kumquat… bezivuthwa. Futhi ngokuthembela engxenyeni ngayinye yensimu, umlimi wakha izimbali ezithile ze-peony, iqoqo lama-aglaia, amanye ama-rose noma ama-chrysanthemums… futhi konke kwabekwa kuthileyi wokhuni opendwe obomvu nowagolide. A ugqoko wezithelo imvamisa yayihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili: ingxenye engenhla yayingumugqa oyindilinga wokugcina izithelo nengxenye engezansi, ukuma okuphezulu okuphakeme. Ubhanana we-stout wadonswa otrayini njengesisekelo esihle sezithelo zamagilebhisi ezigolide eziyindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zomvini zingathathelwa indawo isiphamende somunwe esisaboshwe ekugcineni noma amaqabunga aluhlaza. I-macron yomunwe yayingeyona eyindilinga futhi isikhumba sayo singekho bushelelezi kepha sifana ngokuphelele nohlaza obhanana, ophuzi wamawolintshi, negolide elikhanyayo lama-kumquat amancane ahlelwe ngokuhlukile phakathi kukabhanana. Le mibala nemidwebo ebukekayo yenezela ubuhle kwitreyi yezithelo ezinhlanu ekwakhiweni kwe-wellknit, iphakamisa ukudalwa kobuciko ngandlela-thile kufana nomdwebi womuntu osebenzisa kahle amabhulashi kanye nemibala yakhe2.
Ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka asikwazanga ukubheka nje ku- “ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu"Njengoba kukhonjisiwe eduzane kodwa futhi saba nethuba lokuncoma ikhono lowesilisa wezandla owenza"ugqoko wezithelo amahlanu”Ezimpandeni zoqalo.
Ithreyi Yezithelo Ezinhlanu kanye Neziqholo Nentuthu ku-TẾT
Kusuka kusikhumbuzo futhi ngokusho Ifilosofi yaseMpumalanga, umhlaba wakhiwa "Izinto ezinhlanu”, Okungukuthi insimbi, ukhuni, amanzi, umlilo nomhlaba. Kuyahambisana nezinga lezinto ezinhlanu ubuhlakani obulawulayo njenge "IGenius Yomhlaba, iGenius yoMlilo, iGenius Yamanzi … ”Yingakho empilweni yabo yokomoya, abantu baseMpumalanga ezinsukwini ezedlule babehlale benethemba lokuthi labo bakhaliphile bazovikela isintu futhi babavumele baphile ngenhlanhla nangezibusiso. Lowo mcabango wawusungene wagxila empilweni engokomoya neyamasiko yabantu baseMpumalanga, ikakhulukazi abaseChina nabaseVietnam. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, unyaka ngamunye eTết, kuhlale kukhona i-altare ithreyi Izithelo Ezinhlanu, emelela amandla, inhlonipho kanye nesifiso sokubuyela ebuhleni emndenini ngamunye.
Ngokuya ngentuthuko, izimo zomlando nezenhlalo, kanye nezimpawu zesifunda ngasinye, abantu bahlela ugqoko lwezithelo ezinhlanu ngezindlela ezihlukile, kepha umqondo wawo omkhulu uhlala ungashintshiwe futhi utholakala ngezinhlobo eziphambili zezithelo nemibala:
The umbala oluhlaza - emelela ubungako obukhulu bemvelo, utshani nezihlahla, futhi kwenziwa umzimba ngamabhanana aluhlaza abukeka njengeminwe ngesandla esivulekile esigoqa ngaphakathi kuwo umhlaba omkhulu nophumelelayo, futhi lesi yisithombe esidonsa kakhulu ugqoko lwezithelo ezinhlanu.
The umbala ophuzi -Kumelela isivuno esihle esindisa abantu emakhazeni nasendlala, futhi asuka kwi-pomelo enkulu noma ipapaya, ebekwe enkabeni yetreyi, okusikisela umqondo wokuba yingxenye ebaluleke futhi ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomuntu.
The umbala obomvu - emelela amandla, isifiso sokuthola ukunqoba nokuthola inhlanhla. Abantu bavame ukukhetha i-Persimmon ebomvu noma i-mandarin bese beyibeka phakathi kombala oluhlaza obhanana noma umbala ophuzi we-pomelo.
Namuhla, ukuthuthukisa amandla amaningi kanye nenhlanhla, abantu bangangeza utamatisi noma ama-pimentos ambalwa ukwandisa ukuheha kwesitreyi sezithelo ezinhlanu.
The umbala onsundu onsundu - emelela amandla nokuthula komhlaba okusobala. Abantu babejwayele ukukhetha isinamoni noma usawolintshi o-orenji obukhazikhazi futhi ophuzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukukhulisa imvelo yobuhle nokunotha kwe ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu E-Tết, abantu bangakwazi ukukhetha umbala ophuzi owengeziwe wama-apula, umbala omnyama onsundu wamagilebhisi, nombala omnandi we- “isikhathi eside"(udrako onsomi) izithelo noma izithelo ze-oleaster. The ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu ku North incane futhi icocekile futhi imvamisa iqukethe ubhanana oluhlaza, ama-pomelos, amawolintshi, ama-mandarin, ama-siamese persimmons nezithelo zamaqanda. Kepha i ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu ku South, ivame ukuba nkulu kakhulu futhi iqukethe amakhabe amanzi, umango, ama-durian, ama-apula ama-custard, izithelo zikadrako eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-apula enkanyezi… vula Izinsuku ezingama-Tết, njengoba ihlinzeka i-altare emndenini ngamunye ngesimo sokuzithokozisa nangaphezulu.3
Abaseningizimu bane Pair of Water Melons
In eseningizimu yeVietnam, ugqoko wezithelo uhlukile kancane kulowo waseNyakatho. Uphayinaphu wasikwa waba ngumfanekiso wephoenix omthethosisekelo wakhe wenziwe obomvu obomvu namaphiko ngamabhanana aphambili. Ikakhulu, i ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu kwabaseNingizimu Afrika babevame ukufaka amakhabe amanzi alingana nosayizi webhasikidi wetiye onamathele ngebhande lephepha elibomvu elinemibhalo ethile ngezinhlamvu zesiShayina…
Namuhla, ngenyanga ehlangana Ttt, izimakethe ku Saigon zigcwala izikhukhula amakhabe amanzi, abahlala ematendeni nezitebele ezimiswe okwesikhashana ngaphandle kwazo… I Amakhabe amanzi aseningizimu babe nezici ezithile ngokuya ngesifunda ngasinye abavela kuso. Endaweni eseNingizimu eseMpumalanga, ibhece lamanzi linesikhumba sangaphandle esimhlophe esincanyana, kuyilapho uginindela walo ubomvu futhi unamafutha, ucwebezela njengoshukela ocwengile. Eningizimu yeVietnam Ephakathi, ikhabe lamanzi line-vermillion efana noginindela…
Esangweni eliya eCentral Vietnamat ibanga elingamakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu ukusuka Thanh Hoa njengoba impungushe indiza, kukhona uhlobo lwe Nga Sơn amanzi ikhabe lokho kubhekwe njenge I-TiêmUhlobo oluvame ukuvezwa ezinganekwaneni zaseVietnam. Ukudingiswa okuhlala esiqhingini esilahliwe, I-Tiêm futhi umkakhe wayephumelele ukutshala lolo hlobo ikhabe ukuletha ezweni elikhulu ukukhokhela umusa wesizwe samaHuøng Vöông. ENyakatho neVietnam, i-water-melon4 ikhula “ngokungenangqondo” - ie ayikwazi ukuboniswa ku- Ugqoko wezithelo njengoba ikhula ehlobo. Ngakho-ke, at Ttt, abantu baseNyakatho kufanele balinde "ukunambitheka" kweNingizimu ukuba ikwazi ukudlala ngalolu hlobo lwezithelo ezithembekile nezingenamithi "ezinepulpiri ebomvu nekhasi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yama-80 abantu kwezinye izindawo bakwazi ukudala uhlobo lwamakhabe amanzi obusika obujatshulelwa kuwo Ttt. Izithelo ezitholwe ngakho futhi zinombala onsomi omnyama nebala elisanda kubomvu, kepha azange zikwazi ukuthola usayizi omangalisayo walowo waseNingizimu (I-Fig.2) ...
QAPHELA:
1 Hlanganisa uSolwazi HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
2 Ngokuya nge-ĐẶNG ĐỨC - (Ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu eTết) - IHanoi, umagazini we-Folklore No. 2, Februwari 1986, amakhasi 51-52.)
3 Ngokusho kwe-HÀ THẮM - "Ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu nempepho nentuthu eTết”-“Umagazini i-Vietnamese Commerce and Industrial Marketing”- Ikhasi 30 - Ukushicilela Indlu Yomnyango Wezamasiko Nolwazi.
4 Ngokuka MAI KHÔI - Iziphuzo zasekhaya - I-melon-melon eTết - kk. 181 kuya ku-184 - I-Arts Publishing House 1996.
BAN TU THU
01 / 2020
QAPHELA:
Umthombo: U-Vietnamese Lunar New Year - Umkhosi Omkhulu - Asso. UProf HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
Images Izithombe ze-Bold kanye ne-sepia zisethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com
BONA FUTHI:
◊ Kusuka ku-Sketches ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kuya emasikweni endabuko nomkhosi.
◊ Ukuchazwa kwegama elithi "Tết"
◊ Umkhosi Wonyaka Omusha Wonyaka
◊ Ukukhathazeka NGABANTU BESIFUNDAZANE - Ukukhathazeka nge-KITCHEN ne-CAKES
◊ Ukukhathazeka NGABANTU BESIFUNDAZANE - Ukukhathazeka NGOKUMAKISHWA - Isigaba 1
◊ Ukukhathazeka NGABANTU BESIFUNDAZANE - Ukukhathazeka NGOKUMAKISHWA - Isigaba 2
◊ Ukukhathazeka KWABANTU ABANIKELAYO - Ukukhathazeka ngokukhokhwa koMnyango
◊ Engxenyeni EYAZIMISELAYO YENKUNDLA: HOST OF PARALLEL ConCERNS
◊ Ugqoko wezithelo ezinhlanu
◊ Ukufika Konyaka Omusha
◊ Unyaka Omusha We-Vietnam Lunar - vi-VersiGoo
◊ njll.