Yayinjani le ISETSI YEMISEBENZI “I-Technique of the Annamese People” IQHUTYWE YAYE IQHAWE?

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Asso. UProf. HUNG, NGUYEN MANH, PhD.

   1. Edolobheni elikhulu le Hanoi, kusukela ngeminyaka yama-50 kanye nama-60, iningi labadwebi bezilwane abaziwayo njenge Nguyen Do Cung, UTran Van Can, njll futhi abacwaningi abathile abasha sebeqalile ukunaka inani elikhulu le-
okokhuni, okutholakale ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, okukuqoqo lwamadokhumenti abantu abashiwo ekuqaleni abaluqala ukwenza uphenyo nokuthola iqiniso. Kamuva, kuziwa ocwaningweni oluhlukahlukene
Izikhungo ezifana: the Isikhungo Somlando, lo Isikhungo Sobuciko, lo Isikhungo Sokuhlanganisa i-Encyclopaedias, lo ISouth-East-Asia Institute, lo Isikhungo saseVietnam nesiShayina esiqoshwe e-Vietnamese, lo Isikhungo Sezilimi, njll. futhi bahlangane nesethi yemibhalo echazwe ngenhla.
     Edolobheni langaphambili le Saigon, mhlawumbe kuya ku-60's, Isayensi Yezokuvubukula futhi abacwaningi abaningana base bekwazi ngakho futhi bezamile ukufunda ngalolo hlaka lwezincwadi, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yama-70, lapho abantu bebona ukuvela kwenqwaba yezinkuni ezishiwo ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Ama-Woodcuts aseVietnam, ku- Ukuqala Kwekhulu Lamashumi Amabili. "(I-1)

2. Ku- Paris, ngo-Ephreli 1978, i Ukubuyekezwa KwezeSayensi Yezenhlalo (Paris) wayekhiphe isihloko esithi “I-Folk Art ngokusebenzisa ama-Woodcuts amasha asanda kutholwa"(I-2). 

   Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, kwahunyushelwa isichasiselo e INdlu Yamasiko Idolobha Lezimali (France) ephethe amagama amakhulu amakhulu isihloko esithi: “Abadwebi abancane baseVietnam"(I-3).

3. Ukulandela le ndatshana kanye nalesi sichazelo eziningi Omagazini baseVietnam phesheya kwezilwandle kwaqhubeka nokwazisa lezo zinkuni, kanye ne Umagazini we-Art Studies in Hanoi futhi sishicilele kabusha i-athikili ebalulwe ngenhla (ukuphuma no-4/78).
  Ngo 1985, the Umagazini weVietnam weSayensi Yezenhlalo Yezwe "I-Encyclopaedic Ulwazi"Ubethule imidwebo engu-351 enesihloko esikhulu:"I-Encyclopaedia ku-Izithombe”- kukhishwe ku-"I-Vietnamese Cultural and Material Encyclopaedia”- Woodcuts eyabonwa ngabakwa-Anonymous Artists ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. (4)

   Muva nje, ngeSikhwama sawo saseNtwasahlobo ngonyaka “UMau Thin"(Unyaka weDrako), i-I-Dat Viet"(Umagazini waseVietnam Land we-Association of Vietnamese) uhlala ngaphakathi Canada ubesebenzise lezo zinkuni eziyisishiyagalombili ukubonisa imifanekiso yazo I-Tet nesichasiselo: “Kusanda kuqoqwa izinkuni zekhulu lama-20", Futhi njengamanje, elinye inani labomagazini liphinda linake lezo zinkuni bese lizama ukuxhaphaza kuzo.
    Ngaphandle kwalokho, sibone izinkuni ezimbili zibonisa i-buffalo kulowo nalowo kuzo, ezikhethwe kulolo hlaka lwemibhalo futhi zashicilelwa kumagazini ukuze zibe yimifanekiso yendatshana enesihloko esithi: “I-buffalo engenalo ubuciko emidwebweni naseziqombeni"(5).
    Okufanele sikunake kakhulu iqoqo lezincwadi ezethula amasiko esizwe sethu (6) lapho kudwetshwe imifanekiso engama-26 kwayi-30 kulandela leyo ekule mibhalo.

4. Okokuqala, siphawula ukuthi, yize lolu hlelo lwemibhalo selwethulwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene nangezindlela ezihlukile, aluzange lwethulwe luphelele futhi alufane. Ngakho-ke, leli qiniso manje liphakamisa imibuzo eminingi edinga ezinye izimpendulo:

a. Ngabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngemuva kokuwela ekukhohlweni kokuphela kwesikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, isiphetho somcebo omkhulu wamasiko kazwelonke we Abantu baseVietnam "isiqalile ukukhukhuleka-ngenye indlela inyamalale iphinde ivele - ngokuhamba kwemicimbi”Kusuka Hanoi (kuma-50's) kuya Saigon (emva kwe-1954) bese "isiphinde yanyamalala endaweni ethile engaziwa ekude"(I-Paris-emva kuka-1975)?

b. Ngabe kulungile yini ukusikwa kwezinkuni kule sethi yamaphepha kungowomugqa omusha wemidwebo yabantu - ehlukile kunaleyo ejwayelekile Dong Ho isigodi or I-Hang Trong emgwaqeni - noma yilezi zinkuni. "uhlobo lobuciko"Noma"uhlobo oluhlukile locwaningo lwesayensi"Namanje angaziwa? Mhlawumbe, emgodini wale ncwajana encane yesingeniso, akufanele siye kuzo zonke izici zalezi zinkuni futhi kufanele "zichaze njengoba zinjalo", Ukuvikela ukubabeka kubo"amanani angajwayelekile"Futhi ngaleyo ndlela ungahlosile"ukulimaza izindinganiso zabo zesayensi ezixakile".

AMANOTHI:
(1) NGUYEN KHAC NGO - "AmaVietnam Woodcuts ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20”- I-Expounder Magazine - kusukela kumagazini No. 1 kuya ku-10 ngo-1970.
(2) IPHAM NGOC TUAN - Ubuciko Babantu ngokusebenzisa ama-Woodcuts angu-650 asanda kutholwa - Ukubuyekezwa KwezeSayensi Yezenhlalo, Paris, khipha uNo 4/78.
(3) IPHAM NGOC TUAN - The Abadayisi Bokuhlanya BaseVietnam - Ukuboniswa ku INdlu Yamasiko yedolobha lamaBourges (France) kusukela ngoJuni 10, 1978 kuya kuJulayi 30, 1978, ehlelwe yi- Inhlangano yaseVietnam ehlala eFrance, esebenza ngokubambisana ne Imyuziyamu yoMuntu.
(4) Ezindabeni uNos. 3, 4, no-5, 1985 futhi akhiphe uNo.1, Okthoba 1985 (hlukanisa ukuphinda). (5) NGUYEÃN QUAÂN - Inyathi engenabuciko emidwebeni nasekubaziwe - Magazine Literature Magazine - ukukhishwa kwe- Tet At Suu (Unyaka we-Buffalo) (1985), ikhasi.12.
(6) NGUYEN THU - Imifanekiso yesethi yezincwadi ku Izingoma ze-Folk kanye nezinkondlo zabantu baseVietnam - A Isigodlo seSiko Likazwelonke (vol. 4) ihlanganiswe ngu NGUYEN TAN ISIKHATHI futhi IPHANI CanHIshicilelwe ngu Isihlabelelo Moi indlu yokushicilela ngonyaka we-1971 in Saigon.

QAPHELA:
Umthombo: I-Technique of the Annamese People kaHenri Oger, ngo-1908-1909. UDkt Nguyen Manh Hung, uMcwaningi noMhlanganisi.
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