Umphakathi we-E DE wamaqembu angama-54 wezinhlanga eVietnam

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   Ama-E DE anezakhamizi ezingaba ngu-306,333 ezigxile kuwo I-Dak Lak², izingxenye zasentshonalanga ze Khanh Hoa³ futhi Izifundazwe zikaPhu Yen⁴. Umphakathi we-E DE uqukethe amaqembu amancane endawo: I-Kpa, Adham, Bib, Ktul, njll Phambilini, babebizwa nangokuthi i-RA-DE ne-DE. Ulimi lwe-E DE lungolw IsiMalay-Polynesian⁵ iqembu.

   Abakwa-E DE benza kakhulu ukulima kuma-milpas. The Bih yamukela ukulima okusajikijela kwelayisi, usebenzisa izinyathi ukunyathela amasimu. Ngaphandle kokulima, abakwa-E DE basebenza nokufuya izilwane, ukubutha iminyundu, ukudoba izikebhe nokuluka. Njengamanje ikhofi idume ngokutshalwa emphakathini we-E-DE.

I-indigo emnyama ngumbala wendabuko wokugqoka kwe-E DE okubuye kuhlotshiswe ngemoto ezimibalabala. Abesifazane be-E DE bagqoka iziketi nezindwangu zokugqoka ngenkathi amadoda esebenzisa ama-loincloths kanye namahembe. Bathanda ukugqoka ubucwebe besiliva bethusi noma ubuhlalu. Ngokwemigomo yakudala, i-E DE kwakufanele ifake amazinyo ayisithupha aphezulu ngaphambili. Manje, lo mkhuba manje usushiywe yintsha yabantu be-E DE.

   Emphakathini we-E DE, imishriarchy iyanqotshwa. Abesifazane yibona abaphethe imindeni yabo. Izingane zithatha isibongo somama wazo. Ilungelo lefa ligcinelwe amadodakazi kuphela. Ngemuva komshado, indoda iza izohlala endlini yomkayo. Uma unkosikazi efa futhi kungabikho muntu ezihlotsheni zikankosikazi ongena esikhundleni sakhe, indoda izobuyela ekhaya ihlale nodadewabo. Lapho efa, uhlanganiswe emathuneni omndeni wakhe womama.

   Abakwa-E DE basebenzelana nemimoya eminingi, ngakho-ke bagcina imicibisholo eminingi futhi bakhonze imicikilisho yokuthandazela ukuvuna okukukhulu, impilo enhle kanye nenhlanhla.

   Abakwa-E DE banomgcinimafa ocebile noyingqayizivele wezincwadi ezihanjiswa ngomlomo Kubandakanya izinganekwane, izangoma zezinganekwane zabantu izaga ezaziwa kakhulu khan (ama-epics) njengo Idamu San kanye neDamu UKteh Mian. Abakwa-E DE bathanda ukucula umdanso futhi badlale izinsimbi zomculo. Izinsimbi zabo zomculo zakha imigqomo yesigqi se-gongs imibhobho yepayipi yamapayipi nezinsimbi zomculo. Phakathi kwazo, UDing nam insimbi ethandwa kakhulu ekhethwa ngabantu abaningi.

   Abakwa-E DE bahlala ezindlini ezide-on-stilts. Umndeni ocebile futhi omkhulu, isikhathi eside yindlu Yayo. Ezinye izindlu zilinganiswa ngamamitha amamitha. Lezi zindlu zenziwe ngokhuni noma ngoqalo, zibopha uphahla olufulelwe ngotshani. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindlu eziningi ziye zahlukanisa ukwakhiwa okuncane futhi zafulelwa ngamathayela noma amashidi ensimbi. Indlu ye-E DE ifakiwe nezindonga ezincike ngaphandle, nophahla olubheke phezulu-phansi olulinganayo olwe-trapezoid. Umnyango wokungena utholakala komunye umkhawulo wendlu. Esikhathini esedlule, umnyango ubheke enyakatho manje umgwaqo. Ingaphakathi lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye enomnyango wokungena, ibizwa Gab, ugcinelwe ukwamukela izivakashi. Bonke abanye babizwa Kulungile izindlu zekhishi nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zabashadikazi. Umngcele ngamunye wendlu unegceke elingaphansi. Igceke elisemnyango wokungena libizwa nge- “phansi yezivakashi”Okuyisikhala esikhulu uma umndeni ucebile.

BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊  UMPHAKATHI WAMAQEMBU ETHNIC WAMA-54 eVietnam - Isigaba 1.
◊  Umphakathi we-BA NA wamaqembu angama-54 e-Vietnam.
◊  I-BO Y Community yamaqembu angama-54 wezinhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-BRAU wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-BRU-VAN KIEU wamaqembu ezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weCHO RO wamaqembu angama-54 amaNhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CO HO wamaqembu angama-54 wezinhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CONG wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CHUT wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weChU RU wamaqembu ama-Ethnic angama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weChAM wamaqembu angama-54 amaNhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-DAO wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-GIAY wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo): ICONG DONG 54 Dan toc Viet Nam - Phan 1.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi Bo Y trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BRAU trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BRU-VAN KIEU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHO RO trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHAM trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHU RU trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHUT trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CONG trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi DAO trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi GIAY trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi GIA RAI trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
◊ njll.

BAN TU THU
07 / 2020

AMANOTHI:
¹ :… Iyabuyekeza…

QAPHELA:
◊ Umthombo & Izithombe:  Amaqembu angama-54 Ezinhlanga eVietnam, Abashicileli bakaTong Tan, we-2008.
◊ Zonke izingcaphuno nemibhalo ebhalwe ngomalukeke isethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com