I-SOC TRANG - Cochinchina
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UMARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. I-Physical Geography
Isifundazwe siyingxenye yethafa elikhulu elakha iLower Cochin-China. Umhlaba uyisicaba ngokufana, umhlabathi ophakeme ngokwedlulele ungamamitha amabili ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemigodi eminingi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezindunduma ezigudle uLwandle i-East, nasentshonalanga, emngceleni we URachgia [Rạch Giá] no UCantho [Cần Thơ], lapho umhlabathi ungaphansi kolwandle. Ngenkathi yemvula, isifunda sikhungo sinezikhukhula. Ngenhlanhla, le monotony efanayo iyaphulwa lapha nalaphaya “ngezikrini” ezibumbene ezakhiwe yizimila ezikhula ezintabeni, iziqhingi ezinesihlabathi zezindunduma ezindala eziphakanyiswe kancane phezulu emathafeni aseduze, ambozwe izihlahla ezinkulu noqalo. Lezi giongs zisetshenziselwa ukuhlala. Inhlabathi illuvial. Kukhona yonke indawo izingqimba ze-Argil (lobumba) exutshwe nesihlabathi kanye nesaladi embozwe amasentimitha ambalwa omhlabathi. Kulelizwe eligcwele ukufana, imibhede yemifudlana yamanzi iyisimo sangempela emhlabathini, lapho izimvula zidonsa futhi ziqoqeke khona lapho kugagasi; ezindaweni eziphakemeyo bagcwala osebeni futhi bavundise umhlaba ngaphandle kosizo lwabakhileyo.
IMISANGO
Ukuphatha kubambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni imisele edonsa izindawo ezihamba kuzo, yaguqula izifunda ezinamanzi, ezingenampilo nezinezifunda, zaba yizifunda ezivundile nezinabantu abaningi. Umnotho wesifundazwe ukhule kakhulu eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, ngenxa yomsebenzi obalulekile wamasu emisele. Ithrafikhi ikhule kakhulu selokhu kwasungulwa le nethiwekhi yemigwaqo. Izikebhe namasampula obekuyizindlela zakudala zokudlulisela ezinye kuthathelwe indawo yizimoto ezithile. Ngo-1920 bekukhona izimoto ezingama-54 esifundazweni, manje sezingu-112 kanti lezi zengezwa njalo. Ngaphandle kwale migwaqo, kunezindlela zokuxhumana ngamanzi phakathi kwesifundazwe ne Saigon [Sài Gòn] noCambodia. I ukweluleka ngesonto kukhona "Imiyalezo fluviales" service ukwethulwa phakathi Saigon [Sài Gòn] no UDai Ngai [Đại Ngãi], eshaya ucingo mytho [Mỹ Tho], I-Vinhlong [Vĩnh Long], ISadec [Sa Đéc], I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], I-Longxuyen [Long Xuyên] no UCantho [Cần Thơ]. Kukhona insiza yokuqaliswa kwesiShayina kwabagibeli kanye nezimpahla ezivela:
- I-Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] ukuze URachgia [Rạch Giá];
- I-Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] ukuze I-Phom Penh [Pnôm Pênh], eshaya UCantho [Cần Thơ] no I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc].
II. I-Administrative Geography
Isifundazwe silawulwa ngummeli olawula umsebenzi wezepolitiki nowokuphatha esifundazweni futhi onePhini likomphathi. Kunenkantolo yesibili yezobulungiswa ephethwe izimantshi ezintathu, isizwa ngumbhali Wenkantolo kanye nomabhalane ababili abasizayo. Kukhona iqembu lamasosha I-Soctrang [Sóc Trăng], enenkampani yakwa-1st Iqembu lama-Annamite sharpshooters. Kukhona olawula amasiko futhi abeke phezulu nabasizi abalawuli ababili, futhi ungumhloli we-distilleries eBaixau. Isikole (ikolishi lokufundiswa komphakathi) edolobheni elikhulu liqondiswa nguProfessor, obuye aqaphe ezinye izikole ezingaphakathi kwesifundazwe. Umgcini zimali uphethe imali. Isifundazwe sehlukaniswe izifunda ezi-4 zokuphatha, ezilawulwa yi UPhus [Phủ] noma Huyens [Huyện], abangobani abamele umbusi wesifundazwe. Kunemigodi eyi-12 nemizana engama-80. Edolobheni elikhulu kunesibhedlela sikaSista “de la Providence de Portieux”, esixhaswe yisifundazwe, kanye nezikole ezimbili (Amakholeji emiyalo yomphakathi), eyodwa eyabafana, enye ngamantombazane, izikole eziyisisekelo zivuliwe emizaneni eminingi. Ukulungiswa kwenhlanzeko sekuvele kukhona noma sekuzofakwa kuzo zonke izikhungo ezibalulekile. Ukuhlinzekwa kwamathuluzi, amathuluzi nezinto zokwenza umsebenzi wokufundisa umphakathi nosizo lwezokwelashwa kuzophothulwa kungekudala.
ISIHLOKO
Isibalo sabantu esifundazweni sikhuphuke kakhulu kuleminyaka engama-20 edlule. Ukwanda akubangelwa kuphela kokuzalwa okuningana ngokushona kwabantu, kepha futhi, kungenxa yokufuduka okukhulu kakhulu, ngenxa yentuthuko yezomnotho yezwe elilandela ekwakhiweni kwemisele. Ngo-1894 inani labantu lafaka ama-Annamites angama-57.000, amaCambodi angama-38.000, amaTshayina angama-10.000, 60 aseYurophu, ingqikithi yezakhamizi ezingama-105.000. Okwamanje kukhona: 117.000 Annamites, 55.000 Cambodians, 11.000 Chinese, 2.500 UMinh Huong [UMinh Hương] kanye nabaseYurophu abangama-164, isamba sezakhamizi ezingama-185.000. Iningi lama-Annamite ngabalimi. Kukhona inqwaba yabanini bomhlaba abakhulu abaye bathola amapheshana amakhulu omhlaba abavumela abalimi. AmaChineses, ikakhulukazi ahlala kuwo I-Soctrang [Sóc Trăng], baningi futhi bacebile. Zingabanini bemigwaqo, amasaha, kanye neningi lezindlu zamabhizinisi. Amaningi awakho amasimu erayisi.
III. I-Economical Geography
Isifundazwe I-Soctrang [I-Sóc Trăng] inendawo engamahektha angama-238.000 futhi yonke ingxenye yayo isetshenzisiwe, futhi icishe ibe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kokulinywa kwelayisi. Isivuno sifinyelela isilinganiso samathani ayi-260.000, kuthi ama-80.000 agcinelwe ukusetshenziswa kwasendaweni nokutshala. Inani elithunyelwa ngaphandle lingamathani angama-180.000, libe yingxenye yeshumi yokuthengiswa okuphelele kweCochin-China. Kunabantu abacishe babe ngama-5.000 amakoloni aseFrance esifundazweni. Ngibathola, iMM Gressier kanye neLabaste ngisebenzisa amapheshana amakhulu amahektha angaphezu kuka-XNUMX (cishe ama-12.500 XNUMX acres).
INDAWO
Kunemishini emibili yokuhlukanisa, esetshenziswa umusi, eyodwa yayo okungoM. Gressier: etholakala enkabeni yezwe lakhe ingaphatha amathani ayi-150 erayisi elimhlophe nsuku zonke.
BAN TU THƯ
1 / 2020
QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.
IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ I-GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ I-THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ I-MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA