I-MY THO - Cochinchina

Hits: 479

UMARCEL BERNANOISE¹

I. IJografi Yomzimba

    Idolobha Eliyikhulu: mytho [Mỹ Tho] (I-72 km, ukusuka eSaigon [Sài Gòn]. Isifundazwe mytho I-[Mỹ Tho] itholakala phakathi kwe-10 ° 03 ne-10 ° 35 i-latitude enyakatho, kanye ne-103 ° 30 ne-104o38 ubude bempumalanga. Ihlukaniswe ngezigungu zokuphatha ezi-6 (I-Anhoa [An Hoà], Caibe [Cái Bè], Cailay [Cai Lậy], Bentranh [Bến Tranh], Chogao [Chợ Gạo] nedolobha elikhulu), Ama-canton ayi-15 amadolobhana ayi-145.

    Iboshwe enyakatho nasenyakatho-nasempumalanga yisifundazwe IThanani [ITân An]. Imingcele yasenyakatho isemathafeni aseJones, kusuka ISadec [Sa Đéc] edolobhaneni lase UPhumy [Phú Mỹ] (ikhonco laseHungnhon [Hưng Nhơn]). Amachashazi amahle okugcotshwa kwezihlahla zezihlahla nezindunduma zezindawo zokulwa nerayisi ezinyamalala ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi sezikhukhula. Kusuka esigodini sase UPhumy [Phú Mỹ] umngcele emathafeni aseJones awusekho ngaphansi kwezikhukhula, kepha uyahla ngomgwaqo endaweni eya empumalanga naseningizimu, futhi uboniswa hhayi kuphela ngokutshala amasimu erayisi, kodwa ngemifudlana eyahlukahlukene enwetshiwe noma engaphansi. Empumalanga, ngezifundazwe IGocong [Gò Công], UCua Tieu [Cửa Tiểu], ICua Dai [Cửa Đại] nolwandle lwaseMpumalanga. Ngaseningizimu, ngegatsha lika Mekong [Mê Kông], obizwa ngokuthi umfula ongaphandle, ohlukanayo mytho [Mỹ Tho] ovela ezifundazweni zase I-Bentre [Bến Tre] (igatsha le-Balai [Ba Lai], kanye of I-Vinhlong [Vĩnh Long]. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga edolobhaneni lase I-Dong Yami [Mỹ An Đông], okuwumngcele wesifundazwe we ISadec [Sa Đéc]. Entshonalanga, ngesifundazwe ISadec [Sa Đéc]. Imingcele ngalapha icishe ibe ngokuphelele emathafeni aseJones, ngaphandle kwengxenye engezansi, ibheke emfuleni. Isifundazwe mytho [I-Mỹ Tho] inendawo eyindilinga yamahektha angama-223.660.

    Ephuzwini lide kakhulu, ukusuka enyakatho-empumalanga kuye eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ubude bayo bungu-115km, no-39km, ebanzi kakhulu, ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu. Itholakala egwadule olukhulu emlonyeni we Mekong [UMê Kông] umfula, ohlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yeLower Cochin-China. Ingalo yomfula eyawunisela ibizwa ngokuthi umfudlana ongaphansi, ophinda uhlukane, endaweni ka mytho [Mỹ Tho], waba ngamagatsha amakhulu amabili abiziweyo cua (Isango), okungukuthi: umlomo womfula, lowo, kusho uDai [Cửa Đại] (umlomo omkhulu), enye i-cua UBalai [Ba Lai] (umlomo weBalai [Ba Lai]. Umfula ugcwele iziqhingi, ezikhulukazi zazo, isiqhingi I-Phutuc [Phú Túc], usuka entshonalanga uye eningizimu-empumalanga kuze kube seLwandle i-East, lapho amabhange alo ebanga cishe 20km. Ezinye iziqhingi zibizwa ngokuthi i-eon (amabhange esihlabathi), noma i-culao (island), ngokuya kobumbono babo bamuva nje noma basendulo. Ingxenye yesifundazwe mytho [Mỹ Tho] akhiwe enyakatho ye Mekong [Umfula i-Mê Kông] unokucindezeleka okukhulu okwenziwe umgodi omkhulu wamathafa aseJones. Le mashi enkulu, ehlala cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yensimu yeLower Cochin-China, ifinyelela engxenyeni yesithathu enhle yesifundazwe mytho [Mỹ Tho]. Kubandakanya enyakatho ama-canton we UPhongphu [Phong Phu], Phonghoa [UPhong Hoá], Loi Thuan [Lợi Thuận], Loitrinh [Lợi Trinh], no IHung Nhon [Hưng NHơn]. Igama le-Annamite lendawo yamathafa aseJones UDong Thap Muoi [Dong Thap Muoi] (ethafeni lika Thap Muoi [Thap Mười]) kusuka egameni lombhoshongo wasendulo waseCambodian endaweni yeSadec, maphakathi namathafa aseJones. Bayibiza futhi UDat Bung [Đất Bưng] (igama nezwi: izwe, ixhaphozi). Kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakuwumbhede wasendulo we Mekong [UMê Kông] umfula. Eseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe mytho [Mỹ Tho], kanye neziqhingi ezise Mekong [UMê Kông] umfula, awuphethwe yizikhukhula, kepha ungamathafa avundile futhi “giong”[Giòng] amazwe. Inhlabathi engxenyeni enkulu ye mytho [Mỹ Tho] ubumba (nobungqabavu). Enyakatho nasempumalanga naseningizimu-nesifundazwe inhlabathi inesihlabathi, ibizwa ngokuthi “giong”[Giòng] futhi evundile ikakhulukazi. Indawo engadabuki ye mytho [I-Mỹ Tho] iqukethe amahektha angama-223.660. Ibanga ukusuka edolobheni elikhulu kuya I-Bentre [I-Bến Tre] iyi-14km ukusuka mytho [Mỹ Tho] ukuze IThanani [ITân An] 25km. Mytho ukuze IGocong [Gò Công] 34km, kanye mytho [Mỹ Tho] ukuze I-Vinhlong [Vĩnh Long] 68km.

    Kunemisele emithathu ebalulekile lapho mytho [Mỹ Tho]: 1. Omdala, uqalwe ngaphansi Minh Mang [UMinh Mạng], ngumgwaqo wamanzi othengisayo noma UDang Giang [Đằng Giang] umsele uqhubekela emfuleni omkhulu yiBa Beo futhi ICaibe [Cái Bè] imifudlana. Ixhumanisa ukuxhumana kwezokuxhumana kusuka echibini ku Mekong [Mê Kông] ne-Vaico esempumalanga, emathafeni aseJones; 2. Umgwaqo ohlanganisa amadolobha amakhulu mytho [Mỹ Tho] no IThanani [ITân An]. Ingamamayela angama-28km namamitha angama-80 ububanzi, futhi isetshenziswa njalo yizikebhe zomdabu kanye namabhageyi; 3. I I-Chogao [I-Chợ Gạo] umsele, noma umsele waseDuperre, uhlanganisa umfudlana nomfudlana weKahon bese ujoyina umgwaqo Mekong [UMê Kông] umfula ngeVaico enkulu (sidabula Godong [Gò Đông]). Lo msele wembiwa ngo-1877, ubude bawo ngu-10.500km namamitha angama-30 ububanzi. Kungumsele ovame kakhulu, osetshenziswa izikebhe zomdabu kanye nabaphathi be- “Messageries”. Ekugcineni imisele yokunisela, isike emathafeni aseJones, okuzokwenza le thafa libe yimpahla ebalulekile. Ngaphandle kwale mikhondo yamanzi, mytho [I-Mỹ Tho] inomgwaqo owenziwe ngensimbi uyixhumanisa nayo Saigon [Sài Gòn], wedlula ezikhungweni ezibalulekile ze IThanani [Tân An] no I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn]. Ungu-16km kuphela umgwaqo omude onensimbi ongama-71km ukusuka mytho [Mỹ Tho] ukuze Saigon [Sài Gòn] basenkabeni ye mytho [Mỹ Tho]. Kuqala esiteshini esikhulu sesitimela lapho mytho [Mỹ Tho] futhi udlula iziteshi ezine zesikhungo: at I-Trungluong [Trung Lương], ULuongphu [Lương Phú], I-Tanhiep [IThn Hiệp] ne I-Tanhuong [Tân Hương]. mytho [I-Mỹ Tho] inemizila emi-4 yobukoloni exhumanisa izindawo ezingomakhelwane, izifundazwe kanye nenethiwekhi yemizila yesifunda, ehlanganisa amadolobhana namatshe amakhulu. Izindlela ezine zobukoloni yilezi: 1. mytho [Mỹ Tho] ukuze IThanani [Tân An]; 2. mytho [Mỹ Tho] ukuze IGocong [Gò Công]; 3. mytho [Mỹ Tho] ukuze I-Bentre [Bến Tre]; 4. mytho [Mỹ Tho] ukuze I-Vinhlong [Kudala].

II. I-Administrative Geography

    Isifundazwe mytho [I-Mỹ Tho] ihlukaniswe ngezigodi eziyisithupha zokuphatha: mytho [Mỹ Tho], U-Anhoa [I-Hoà], I-Bentranh [IBến Tranh], ICaibe [Cái Bè], I-Cailay [Cai Lậy] no I-Chogao [Chợ Gạo], amakhebuli ayi-15 nemizana engama-145. Izindawo zemakethe eziphezulu esifundazweni yilezi: mytho [Mỹ Tho] (idolobha elikhulu) idolobhana lase-Dieuhoa, U-Anhoa [I-Hoà], ICaibe [Cái Bè], I-Chogao [Chợ Gạo], I-Cailay [Cai Lậy], Bochi, UPhumy [Phú Mỹ], I-Tanhiep [Tân Hiệp], eChogiua, ITanthach [Tân Thạch], I-Rachgam [I-Rạch Gầm], iBadua, I-Caithia [Cái Thia], Anhuu [An Hữu], I-Caungan [UCầu Ngan], uCaila.

ISIHLOKO

    Abase-156 base-Europe, ama-Annamites angama-325.070, ama-China angama-11.050 amaNdiya.

III. I-Economical Geography

12 / 2019

QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.

IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.

BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  I-GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊  BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊  I-THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊  I-MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊  TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA