BIEN HOA - Cochinchina

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UMARCEL BERNANOISE¹

I. I-Physical Geography

ISITUATION

     Isifundazwe I-Bienhoa [UBiên Hoà] iboshwe enyakatho ngombuso waseCambodia, eningizimu-empumalanga nentshonalanga, yizifundazwe I-Baria  [I-Bà Rịa] futhi UGiadinh [Gia Định], empumalanga, ngombuso wama-Annamite, nasentshonalanga, ngezifundazwe zase Thudaumot [Thủ Đầu Một] futhi UGiadinh [Gia Định]. Inobude obuyi-110 km nobubanzi obuyi-90 km. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga kanye naseningizimu-nentshonalanga ye I-Bienhoa [UBiên Hoà] inhlabathi yakhiwe ngumbala ompunga, ongaphansi komhlaba onesihlabathi, kuthi enyakatho-empumalanga nasempumalanga-eningizimu-mpumalanga ngombala ubomvu (nobumba olubunjiweyo). Umfula obaluleke kunayo yonke Dong Nai [UDong Nai], omthombo wakhe usenyakatho yethafa le ULang Biang [U-Liang Biang] (I-Annam [An Nam]). Ngemuva kokudabula insimu ezimele yamaMois namahlathi aminyene, futhi sekwakhiwe ukuwa okungabekeki okuningi, ungena ku-Cochin-China nge-Mois canton of UBinh Tuy [UBình Tuy] (I-Bienhoa [Biên Hoà]).

IZINDLELA ZOKUXHUMANA

    Ngaphandle kwemigwaqo yamanzi, isifundazwe I-Bienhoa [UBiên Hoà] inethiwekhi eyandisiwe yemizila, enikeza izindlela zokuxhumana ezilula phakathi kwezifundazwe ezahlukahlukene zeColony, kanye nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zesifundazwe. Kukhona nojantshi wesitimela osuka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ukuze Phanthiet [Phan Thiet] esidlula kubo bonke ubude besifundazwe, ibanga elingaphezu kwe-100km.

AMAKHONO ATHAKAZELAYO - IZINHLELO ZOKUQALA

    Njengoba inobuhle bayo, amahlathi ayo agcwele umdlalo, isifundazwe I-Bienhoa [UBiên Hoà] Intshisekelo enkulu kubavakashi kanye nabezemidlalo. Uhambo oluhamba phambili yilokhu: Izimpophoma ze UTrian [I-Trị An] (Amakhilomitha angama-35 ukusuka edolobheni elikhulu kanye ne-65 km ukusuka eSaigon [Sài Gòn]), lapho sekwakhiwe khona indlu yokuphumula, ngaphansi kokunakekelwa nangezindleko zesifundazwe. Izikhungo zemidlalo nokuzingela yilezi: Empumalanga, i I-Xuanloc [I-Xuân Lộc] izifunda zeNui I-Chuachan [UNúi Chứa Chan], amasisi we ILagna [La Nga], enyakatho-ntshonalanga ku- I-Binh [I-Bình] nezindawo zayo.

II. I-Administrative Geography

    Isifundazwe sihlanganisa amantongomane ama-Annamite, ahlukaniswe phakathi kwaba yimizana eyi-115, kanye nama-7 c Mois anamadolobhana angama-45. Inani lezakhamizi eziyi-132000 liqukethe abaseYurophu abayi-125, ama-Annamites angama-116000, ama-Moisart angama-11500, ama-Chinese angama-2000 njll.

I-BIEN HOA

    Idolobha elikhulu lesifundazwe, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-30 ukusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn], osebeni olungakwesokudla lomfula U-Donai [UDong Nai]. Wonke amagatsha wensizakalo yezokuphatha amelwe lapha. Inenkantolo yezobulungiswa enamandla amakhulu. Inkampani yama-sharpshooters ilapha ekamu lamabutho, futhi iqembu lesibili le-Indo- Chinese Air Service liyabizwa Binh Thanh [UBình Thạnh] kusukela ngo-1923.

III. I-Economical Geography

AGRICULTURE, Rice

    Sekuvele ukuthi inhlabathi ye I-Bienhoa [UBiên Hoà] ayilungele kakhulu ukutshalwa kwelayisi. Cishe angamahektare angama-30000 omhlaba asetshenziselwa amasimu angama-riee. Isifundazwe saseBienhoa esinendawo yaso ebanzi yenhlabathi ebomvu evundile, sizohola, eminyakeni embalwa, ukuhola ekutshalweni kwesitshalo se-hevea ukukhiqizwa kwerabha. Amahektha angaphezu kuka-32000 anikezwe izinkampani zabatshali be-hevea. Indawo yangempela etshaliwe ingaphezu kwamahektha angama-8500, kanti isibalo sezihlahla esivele sivele sasebenza noma sisikwe silinganiselwa ku-795.553. Ngo-1924 ukukhiqizwa kwerabha owomile kwaba ngaphezu kwamathani ayi-1.500. Njengoba sekudlulile imishini yenjoloba, izinkampani sezibuye zaphenduka ukunaka kwazo ukuxhaphaza amasimu wazo futhi zandisa indawo yazo kanye nokuqhubeka kwazo.

UKULIMA OKUHLUKANA - IZINDAWO ZE-COCOA

    Indawo engadingeki ebekelwe lokhu kulima ingamahektare angama-1.500, kuthi angamahektha angama-800 asesetshenzisiwe.

IZIMANGALISO ZESIKHWANE CANE

    Lezi zihlala cishe amahektare angama-1.100 futhi zisezindongeni zasenyakatho nentshonalanga yesifundazwe.

AMAKHALIMU E-CABBAGE

    Amahektha omhlaba ayi-1.700 angaphansi kokulinywa, ngomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke ongama-600.000 kilos. Eminye imihlaba ebaluleke kakhulu yilezi: Ikhofi, ugwayi, uphayinaphu, i-Arachides (umhlaba-amantongomane), izihlahla zezithelo nemifino.

UKUQALA

    Kunomsebenzi onamandla wokuhweba esifundazweni. Ngaphandle kokushintshana ngemikhiqizo edliwayo esifundazweni, ukuthengiswa kwemithi yokhuni kunesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu. Amahlathi aseBienhoa anikeza zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla (i-trac, i-cam-lai, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhamba, i-sao, i-dau njll.) kanti ugodo lusetshenziswa yimiphakathi yezimboni nabantu abathile, abasebenzisa imigwaqo enezinsimbi ukusabalalisa izimpahla zabo kwezinye izifundazwe zeCochin-China. Okwesibili, izingwegwe zegranite ne -iteite zibaluleke kakhulu ngokwezimali.

INDAWO

    Umkhakha wamahlathi wabalwa, ngonyaka we-1923, kulo msebenzi obalulekile olandelayo: izinkulungwane ezingama-47.000 zama-cubicokhuni, izinkuni ezingama-cubic metres zokhuni, ama-cubic metres angama-11.000 amapulangwe wokubaza, amathani angu-5.000 wamalahle, amathani angama-170 e-pyrology. Inkampani entsha isungulwe kamuva nje, i- "Indo-Chinese Forest Co." At Ingoma Dinh [Sông Dinh], engxenyeni esempumalanga yesifundazwe, eduze komngcele we Annam [Nam], ukuxhaphaza ukuhweba ngamapulangwe, ngokufakwa kwesimanje ngokuphelele (ama-saw-mills-umusi nama-motors kagesi, "impahla ye-Decauville", njll.). Kukhona i-distillery yaseChinese eBinh Truoc. Ukukhishwa kwonyaka kufinyelela kumalitha angama-400 kuya kwangama-450.000 otshwala bomdabu.

IZENZAKALO ZESIFUNDO SESIKHATHI

    Kunezindawo zokuhlanza zomdabu ezingama-330, kodwa ezisebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvuna umoba. Kunomuntu ogcoba amaShayina edolobhaneni laseBinh Truoc elinomkhakha omncane wekotini okhipha njalo ngonyaka ngamamitha ayi-3.500 wezinto. Yekhwalithi evamile futhi iyathengiswa ku- I-Bienhoa [UBiên Hoà], Saigon [Sài Gòn] futhi I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn]. Ifektri yamabhulashi, eyakwaM. Prevot, ikhona e I-Phuoc Ly [I-Phước Lý].

Iindlela zokuxhumana

    Lokhu futhi kuningi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwe Saigon [Sài Gòn] - Phanthiet [Phan Thiet], eqhuba amahlandla ayisithupha ngosuku, lapho emuva nangasemuva, kunezinsiza zezithuthi zomphakathi eziyishumi nanye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abekho abagibeli abagibeli esifundazweni. Izikebhe nezikejana zokuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, ye-granite, i-laterite, yobumba, izinhlamvu, izithelo, ziyasetshenziswa inani le-1.700 elihlukile ngosayizi.

IV. Umlando

    (…) Ngakho I-Bienhoa [UBiên Hoà] inqotshwe yiNkosi ye Hue [Hue] (I-Annam [An Nam]) Nguyen Hieu Vuong [Nguyễn Hiếu Vương], ekubuseni kwenkosi Le Than Ton [ULê Thánh Tôn] (1648-1663) futhi enziwa amakholoni yizakhamizi zaseQuang Nam [IQuảng Nam], UQuang Ngai [Quảng Ngai] noNinh Binh [UNinh Bình]. Ku-1705, leli koloni lenyuswa ngokufika kukaChinamam, imfucumfucu yebutho elingaphansi kukaJenene UDuong Ngan Lich [UDương Ngân Lịch]. Ngosizo lwabafuduki ababalulekile, izwe lahlanzwa futhi latshalwa. Ezokuhweba nezimboni zenze umngcele omkhulu, futhi idolobhana laseBan Lan laba yisikhungo esibalulekile sezentengiselwano, esivame ukuthengiswa yimikhumbi yokuhweba yamazwe ahlukahlukene, eyayikhuphuka Dong Nai [UDong Nai] ukushintshana ngokuthengisa kwabo. I-Bienhoa- [Uyaqaphela UBiên Hoà] UTinh ubengowama-Annamites kuze kube yimanje lelo sakhiwo sakhiwa amaFulentshi ngonyaka we-1861. Ngaphansi kokubuswa yiFrance, uBienhoa Tinh [Uyaqaphela UBiên Hoà] yakheka izifunda ezintathu: I-Baria [I-Bà Rịa], I-Bienhoa [UBiên Hoà], Thudaumot [Thủ Đầu Một].

BAN TU THƯ
12 / 2019

QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.

IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.

BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  I-GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA