IGIA ĐINH - Cochinchina

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UMARCEL BERNANOISE¹

I. I-Physical Geography

ISITUATION

     Isifundazwe UGiadinh [Gia Định] itholakala empumalanga yeCochin-China futhi ifinyelela emfuleni Saigon [Sài Gòn] ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-100, ukusuka emngceleni wesifundazwe we UTayninh [UTây Ninh] echwebeni laseGanh Rai, oLwandle oluseMpumalanga. Amadolobhana Saigon [Sài Gòn] futhi I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] obekungeyasesifundazweni UGiadinh [Gia Định], behlukaniswe nakho kusukela baba ngoMasipala. Indawo engenamkhawulo esifundazweni ingaphezu kwamahektha angama-180.000.

    Izifundazwe ezisemngceleni we UGiadinh [Gia Định] yilezi: enyakatho, isifundazwe Thudaumot [Thủ Đầu Một], empumalanga, izifundazwe I-Bienhoa [I-Biên Hoà] futhi I-Baria [I-Bà Rịa]; eningizimu nasentshonalanga, izifundazwe IGocong [I-Gò Công], I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] futhi UTayninh [UTây Ninh].

II. I-Administrative Geography

    Ekhanda lesifundazwe (njengakuzo zonke ezinye izifundazwe zeCochin-China) kukhona umphathi omkhulu wesifundazwe, osizwa yiphini-lomqondisi, ommelela lapho kunesidingo, ngaphansi kwegunya eliqondile loMbusi we-Colony. Induna yesifundazwe isizwa ngumkhandlu wokubonisana, obizwa ngokuthi ngumkhandlu wesifundazwe, futhi ngaphansi kwemiyalo eqondile yomlawuli yizithunywa ezengamele ezokuphatha, izinduna kanye namasekela-izinduna zezinduna, kanye neMeya yezifunda. Isifundazwe UGiadinh [Gia Định] siqukethe ukuthunyelwa okungu-4 (IGovap [Gò Vấp], Thuduc [Thủ Đức], Hocmon [Hốc Môn], Nhabe [Nhà Bè]), Amakamela angama-17 nezifunda eziyi-166.

III. I-Economical Geography

UKUHLOLA

    Insimu ye UGiadinh [Gia Định] ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene. a) Izifunda eziphansi zamanga zakha lonke ugwadule lomfula iSaigon, osuka cishe u Saigon [Sài Gòn] olwandle. b) Izifunda eziphakemeyo ezinesihlabathi esikhulu zivela Saigon [Sài Gòn] emingceleni yezifundazwe ze UTayninh [UTây Ninh] futhi I-Bienhoa [I-Biên Hoà]. Le mikhakha emibili yemvelo ihambelana nezifunda ezimbili ezihlukile kwezolimo ngohlobo lwemikhiqizo yazo. Izifunda eziphansi zamanga empeleni ziyizo ezikhulisa irayisi. Kepha izifunda eziseduzane nolwandle zigcwele amanzi angenamkhawulo futhi zimbozwe ngamahlathi amakhulu; ngokuyinhloko mangroves. Izifunda eziphakeme cishe zitshalwa ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwesifunda se-marshy UCau An Ha [Cầu An Hạ]. Eduze kwamadolobhana amakhulu we UGiadinh [Gia Định], IGovap [Hamba Vap], UThuduc [Thu Duc] futhi IHhobhoni [I-Hốc Môn], umhlaba uhlukaniswe kakhulu waba inkatho encane, futhi usuthole inani elikhulu. Ukutshala okuyinhloko ngelayisi, umoba kanye nogwayi. Ukutshala irayisi kuyehla unyaka nonyaka, okwenza indlela yokutshala kabusha komhlanga nogwayi kube lula kakhulu. Phakathi kokutshala kwesibili yilokho okutshala izingadi emakethe, imikhiqizo esetshenziswa kalula ezimakethe ze Saigon [Sài Gòn] futhi I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn].enjoloba) amasimu.

INDAWO

    Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuvezwa yimishini emincane yokuphehla ugesi nomusi, ibuye ihlanzwe ngoshukela, izigayo, imisebenzi edayiwe kanye namabhodwe. Kukhona, ngaphezu kwalokho, izingquzu zamatshe agcwele gingci kanye nezici ezilandelwayo, ama-mill-mill, kanye ne-distillery enkulu lapho UThuduc [Thu Duc], kanye nomkhakha wezokudoba ogwini.

IZINDLELA NEZOKUTHENGA

    Isifundazwe UGiadinh [Gia Định] inomsebenzi obalulekile wokwenza imigwaqo, ongaphezu kuka-500 km. yemizila ehlukaniswe ngezigaba, nangaphezulu kwe-1200km. yemigwaqo enezinsimbi yasemakhaya noma imigwaqo engafakwanga. Izwe lihanjiswa ngesitimela kusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ukuze I-Nhatrang [Nha Trang] (I-Annam [An Nam]), ngo-tramway kagesi kusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ukuya eGovap, kanye nogwayi oshibhile osuka eGovap uye eHocmon, futhi usuka ku IGovap [Hamba Vap] ukuze I-Laithieu [Lai Thieu] (I-Thudaumot [Thủ Dầu Một]). Lesi sifundazwe sinezinsizakalo eziningi zezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthwa ngamanzi kuqinisekiswa yinkampani ebizwa nge- “Messageries Fluviales” yakwaCochin-China, phakathi Saigon [Sài Gòn], ECape St. Jacques kanye I-Baria [I-Bà Rịa], kufona Into [I-Thít] futhi Cangio [Cần Giờ].

AMAZWE

    Akukho lutho oluthakazelisa ngokukhethekile okukhulunywa ngalo ngale ndaba. Kunezikhumbuzo ezimbalwa nje zomlando okufanele zivakashelwe: 1) Isikhumbuzo saseFrance sakhiwa ku- I-Chi Hoa [I-Chí Hoà], ekhumbula impi yalelo gama. 2) Ithuna sub-uLieutenant Lareniere lempi lasolwandle isiFulentshi, ibekwe eduze UTayninh [UTây Ninh] umgwaqo. 3) Ithuna likaMbhishobhi wase-Adran, elibekwe umbusi UGia Long [UGia Long], njengobufakazi bokubonga okungcwele kuMonseigneur Pigneau de Bahaine. 4) I-pagoda nethuna lika ULe Van Duyet [Lê Văn Duyệt], obizwa ngokuthi uMthenwa Omkhulu, uMashi kaMbusi futhi owayengumbusi wase-Annamite waseCochin-China (libheke ehholo ledolobha laseGiadinh [Gia Định]). 5) Ithuna lika Le Van Phong [Le Van Phong], mfowethu ULe Van Duyet [Lê Văn Duyệt] (edolobhaneni Tan Son Nhut [Tân Sơn Nhứt]). 6) Ithuna lika UVo Tanh [Võ Tánh], futhi neMashi UGia Long [UGia Long] (esigodini sasePhu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận]). 7) Ithuna likaVo Di Nguy [UVõ Di Nguy], umlingani ezingalweni zika UGia Long [UGia Long] (edolobhaneni likaPhu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận]).

VI. Umlando

    UGiadinh [Gia Định] igama igama ama-Annamites okuqala alinika leyo ngxenye yezwe lapho umfula uwela khona Saigon [Sài Gòn] uyageleza. Kamuva, umbusi UGia Long [UGia Long] ngokusemthethweni wanika lelo gama kuyo yonke indawo ephakathi kwemifula iSaigon neMekong, okuyilapho iSaigon yayiyidolobha eliphambili. Umlandeli wakhe, Minh Mang [Minh Mạng], ngenkathi ihlela iLower Cochin-China, yanikeza igama elifanayo esifundazweni elifaka ezifundazweni ezikhona UTayninh [UTây Ninh], I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn], IGocong [I-Gò Công], kanye nengxenye yesifundazwe IThanani [UT. An]. Lesi sifundazwe sagcina igama laso phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yezwe laseFrance, kepha saqala ngo-1871, sabhekana nezinguquko ezahlukahlukene ezweni. Kuncishiswe isilinganiso sobukhulu baso, isifundazwe saqokwa ngegama lomuzi omkhulu: Superintendance of Saigon [Sài Gòn], nesifunda se Saigon [Sài Gòn]. Ngo-1874 izinhloko-dolobha zesifunda zadluliselwa UBinh Hoa Xa [UBình Hoà Xá], idolobhana elingaphandle, osebeni olungakwesokunxele lomfula i-'Avalanche 'futhi namanje lisesedolobheni elikhulu lesifundazwe. Ekugcineni, kusukela ngonyaka we-1889, igama lesifunda seliguqulwe laba yisifundazwe. Ngaphandle kokuthinta kunoma yimiphi imininingwane yangaphambi kokuhlala kwekoloni yiFrance, kungashiwo ukuthi umlando wesifundazwe UGiadinh [Gia Định] ixhumene kakhulu nomlando weCochin-China. Lesi simo sichazwa ngesimo saso sendawo ekuchazeni komfula Saigon [Sài Gòn].

BAN TU THƯ
12 / 2019

QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.

IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.

BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊  I-THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA