Umphakathi we-MA wamaqembu angama-54 wezinhlanga eVietnam

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  I-MA inabantu abacishe babe ngama-36,824 abahlali ikakhulukazi abahlala kuyo Isifundazwe saseLam Dong¹. Ama-MA nawo abizwa Chau Ma, Ma Xop, Ma To, Ma Krung futhi Ma Ngan. The Ulimi lwe-Ma kungokwalabo I-Mon-Khmer² iqembu.

   I-MA ihlala kuyo okuhle (dolobhana). Ibhonisi ngalinye liqukethe izindlu ezinama-5-10 ezinwetshiwe lapho izizukulwane eziningi zomkhuba ofanayo we-llneageco. Induna ye- okuhle kubizwa qhwa bon.

   I-MA ilima irayisi, i-com, ukotini nezitshalo ezingaphansi kwe-milpas, isebenzisa amathuluzi okudala afana nemimese, amageja, izimbazo nezinti zokumba. I-MA ku Isifunda seCati Tien seDong Nai River Delta utshale irayisi emasimini acwilisiwe. Ukulungisa inhlabathi, baqhuba izinyathi ukuze bazinyathele ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu emasimini. Esikhathini esedlule, i-MA yayiphakamisa izinkomo ngokudedela izilwane ziye emahlathini.

   Abesifazane be-MA banekhono lokweluka izindwangu ngemidwebo eyindida yezimbali, amaqabunga, izinyoni nezilwane ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Ukukhwabanisa kwendabuko kwendabuko nakho kuyaziwa. I-MA yenza ngcono insimbi ngokwabo ukwenza amathuluzi we-farmirg nezikhali. Esifundeni esiseduze ne- Umfula iDong Nai, i-MA yenza izikebhe ezibiwe zokuhamba, ukuthutha izimpahla noma inhlanzi emfuleni.

   Ukugqoka kwabo kwendabuko kulula. Abesifazane bagqoka i-lungi ewela phansi kwamadolo abo, nabesilisa abanezindwangu. Ebusika, zimboza ngezingubo zokulala. Bafaka amazinyo abo, belule izindlebe bese begqoka imihlobiso eminingi. Umndeni wensizwa uphakamisa umshado, kepha ngemuva komshado umkhwenyana uza azohlala endlini yomkakhe. Kuphela lapho ehambisa izipho zomshado ezanele emndenini womakoti, lapho angahambisa khona unkosikazi wakhe endlini yakhe.

   I-MA ikholelwa ebukhoneni bama-genies, kufaka phakathi Yang (uMdali). Njengamanye amaqembu ezinhlanga ze- Iqembu lezilimi zeMon-Khmer, minyaka yonke i-MA ihlela umcimbi wokuhlaba izinyathi kubo Usuku Lonyaka Omusha wendabuko. Lo mkhosi uhlala izinyanga eziyi-1-2.

   I-MA inomgcinimafa wezinganekwane kufaka phakathi izinganekwane, izinganekwane nezinganekwane. Izinsimbi zomculo ziqukethe amasethi ezinsimbi, imvuthu, amapayipi anebhokisi lomkhandlu, izimpondo, uqambo olunezintambo zoqalo nemitshingo enemigodi emithathu exhunywe kwi-gojrd eyomile.

BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊  UMPHAKATHI WAMAQEMBU ETHNIC WAMA-54 eVietnam - Isigaba 1.
◊  Umphakathi we-BA NA wamaqembu angama-54 e-Vietnam.
◊  I-BO Y Community yamaqembu angama-54 wezinhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-BRAU wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-BRU-VAN KIEU wamaqembu ezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weCHO RO wamaqembu angama-54 amaNhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CO HO wamaqembu angama-54 wezinhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CONG wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CHUT wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weChU RU wamaqembu ama-Ethnic angama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weChAM wamaqembu angama-54 amaNhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-DAO wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-GIAY wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo): ICONG DONG 54 Dan toc Viet Nam - Phan 1.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi Bo Y trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BRAU trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BRU-VAN KIEU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHO RO trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHAM trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHU RU trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHUT trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CONG trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi DAO trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi GIAY trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi GIA RAI trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi HOA trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi KHANG trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi KHMER trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
◊ njll.

BAN TU THU
08 / 2020

AMANOTHI:
¹ :… Iyabuyekeza…

QAPHELA:
◊ Umthombo & Izithombe:  Amaqembu angama-54 Ezinhlanga eVietnam, Abashicileli bakaTong Tan, we-2008.
◊ Zonke izingcaphuno nemibhalo ebhalwe ngomalukeke isethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com