UTAN AN - Cochinchina
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UMARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. IJografi Yomzimba
IMIBHANGO
Isifundazwe IThanani [ITân An] iboshwe enyakatho yisifundazwe UTayninh [Tây Ninh], ka I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] nombuso waseCambodia, eningizimu ngezifundazwe ISadec [Sa Đéc], mytho [Mỹ Tho] no IGocong [Gò Công], empumalanga yizifundazwe I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] no IGocong [Gò Công], nasentshonalanga ngombuso waseCambodia kanye nezifundazwe ze I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] no Long Xuyen [Long Xuyên].
Endaweni ephelele engaphezulu kwamahektare angama-380.000, amahektha angama-80.000 kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifundazwe ayigugu, elitshalwa kuphela ngelayisi. Amanye, cishe amahektha angama-300.000, umgexo owodwa omkhulu udlulela emingceleni yaseCambodia, ngaphansi kwamanzi izinyanga eziningana zonyaka. Lawa ngamathafa aseJones lapho kungekho kulinyazwa okubalulekile kuze kube manje okungenzeka. Isifundazwe IThanani [I-Tân An] ngakho-ke ikude nokuthuthuka kwayo ngokuphelele kwezomnotho, okungatholakala kuphela lapho ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic enkulu, kudingekile ukukhipha, kanye nokunisela okunengqondo kwethafa laseJones.
IMigwaqo
Uhlelo lwemigwaqo esifundazweni IThanani [I-Tân An] ifaka le migwaqo elandelayo, yonke imigwaqo yezimoto enensimbi ngokuphelele:
1. Indlela yobukoloni engu-16 ukusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ukuze mytho [Mỹ Tho];
2. Indlela yesifundazwe engu-21 ukusuka IThanani [ITân An] ukuze IGocong [Gò Công] nge URach La [Rạch Lá];
3. Indlela yesifundazwe engu-22 ukusuka IThanani [ITân An] ukuze mytho [Mỹ Tho];
4. Indlela yesifundazwe engu-23 ukusuka IThanani [ITân An] ukuze mytho [Mỹ Tho];
5. Umgwaqo wokuhlangana onguNombolo 5 ohamba ngendlela yamakholoni uya kumgwaqo uNo. 15 wabiza i-The IThanani [ITân An] ukuze I-Nhut Tao [Nhựt Tảo] umzila;
6. Indlela yomphakathi No. 6 ukusuka Thu Thua [Thủ Thừa] esiteshini se UBinh Anh [Bình Anh];
7. Indlela yomphakathi No. 8 ukusuka IThanani [ITân An] ukuze Thanh Phu Long [Thanh Phú Long] nge U-Ky Son [Kỳ Sơn] no Binh Phuoc [Bình Phước];
8. Indlela yomphakathi No. 9 ejoyina indlela yomphakathi emakethe ye Thu Thua [Thủ Thừa];
9. Umgwaqo wokuhlangana onguNombolo 14 ohamba ngomgwaqo wesifundazwe uNo. 21 eGocong ngesikebhe esikuwo I-Chogao [Chợ Gạo];
10. Indlela yomphakathi No. 15 ukusuka IThanani [ITân An] ukuze I-Nhut Tao [Nhựt Tảo].
II. I-Administrative Geography
IZIMBANGELA ZOKWENGEZA
Isifundazwe IThanani [I-Tân An] ihlukaniswe ngemigodi eyi-10, enamadolobhana angama-64 futhi akha izifunda ezi-4 zokuphatha, ngalinye liphethwe yisikhulu sendabuko enesikhundla Phu [Phủ], noma ka bayabaleka [Huyện],:
1. Isifunda sedolobha elikhulu;
2. Isifunda Binh Phuoc [Bình Phước];
3. Isifunda Thu Thua [Thủ Thừa];
4. Isifunda Moc Hoa [Mộc Hoá].
IZikhungo Ezibalulekile
1. UTANAN [Tân An]; Idolobha elikhulu, lisendaweni engamadolobhana I-Binh Lap [Bình Lập]; ngaphambili bekuyindawo yokuhweba ebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi IVung Gu [I-Vũng Gụ], kepha ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo njengoba izikebhe zokuhweba nemigwaqo iyekile ukusebenzisa imigwaqo yamanzi eposi futhi yadlulisela ukuhweba kwayo emifudlaneni ese canal yedolobha neyokuhweba lapho idlula isuka entshonalanga iya eSaigon 47 km ukusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn], it has a service of izitimela Saigon [Sài Gòn] - mytho [Mỹ Tho] umugqa, kanye nensizakalo yezimoto eziningi ezivela Saigon [Sài Gòn] ukuze mytho [Mỹ Tho] futhi kusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene entshonalanga. Iminyango ehlukahlukene lapha imelwe: umgcinimafa, iposi kanye ne-telegraph, imisebenzi yomphakathi, amasiko kanye nokuphuma. Isikole samabanga aphansi esisebenza ngokugcwele, isikole samantombazane endabuko, nesibhedlela sokubelethisa, sisebenza kahle kakhulu. Kuzoqokwa iJustice of the Peace, lapha kungekudala;
2. U-Ky Son [Kỳ Sơn] (idolobhana laseBinh Quoi [Bình Quới]) Amakhilomitha ayi-6 ukusuka edolobheni elikhulu, inemakethe ebaluleke impela (kwindlela yomphakathi No. 8);
3. Thu Thua [Thủ Thừa] (isigodi saseBinh Phong Thang [Bình Phong Thắng]) Esiqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-7 ukusuka edolobheni elikhulu, kunenxusa eliphethe, isikole samabanga aphansi, imakethe ebaluleke kakhulu Thu Thua [I-Thủ Thừa] umsele, nomgwaqo obalulekile wamanzi wezikebhe zomdabu kanye namabagi
4. I-Nhut Tao [Nhựt Tảo] (isigodi sase-An Nhut Tan [Nhựt Tân] Amakhilomitha ayi-15 ukusuka edorobheni elikhulu, inemakethe;
5. Binh Phuoc (isigodi sasePhuoc Tan Hung [Tân Hưng]) Amakhilomitha ayi-15 ukusuka edolobheni elikhulu, izinhloko zezindawo zokuhanjiswa kwezokuphatha, imakethe, ihhovisi leposi kanye ne-telegraph, ikhaya lokubelethisa;
6. UTam Vu (idolobhana laseDuong Xuan Hoi) eli-12 km ukusuka emakethe yedolobha elikhulu;
7. I-Quan Tap (isigodi saseTan Tru [Tân Trụ]) Imakethe engu-18 km.
ISIHLOKO
Isibalo sabantu besifundazwe, esibalelwa ku-120.000, sakhiwa kanjena; Abase-60 baseYurophu, i-118.500 Annamites, 450 UMinh Huong [UMinh Hương], amaShayina angama-700, amaCambodia angama-250 namaNdiya angama-20 nabanye.
I-III. Ezomnotho ezendawo
AMAZWE
Isifundazwe IThanani [ITân An], esendaweni ephakathi I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] no mytho [Mỹ Tho], akanandaba nezivakashi. Inendawo enhle. Phakathi kwezikhumbuzo eziyisikhumbuzo mhlawumbe ezishiwo:
1. Edolobhaneni UKhanh Hau [Khánh Hậu] (ukhokho weHung Long [Hưng Long]) eduze kwendlela yamakoloni uNo. 16, kuyithuna likaTien quan Nguyen-Huynh-Duc [Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức], uMarshal UGia Long [Gia Long] efake isandla ekusungulweni kobukhosi be Nguyen [Nguyễn]. Ezinye izingcezu zalesi Mandarin esikhulu zisephekeni eliseduze kwethuna;
2. Edolobhaneni Binh I-Lang (i-canton ye-An Ninh Ha [An Ninh Hạ]) ithuna lika-Ong-Hong, u-Annamite ocebile kakhulu, okuthe ngokuthumela imisipha emikhulu egcwele nge-paddy enkantolo ye Hue [Huế], weza ngempumelelo ngosizo lwabantu ababulawa yindlala basenkabeni Annam [An Nam]. Umbusi IMinh-Mang [UMinh Mạng] wamnika isihloko sikaTho-dan. Leli thuna libekwe emgqonyeni wegama elifanayo, elihlanganisa amaVaicos amabili, ezansi nomfula ubheke IThanani [Tân An];
3. Kuzo Nhut Tho [Nhựt Thọ], empumalanga yeVaico, ezansi nomfula ubheke ebhulohweni lika UBen Luc [Bến Lức], uyisikhumbuzo esincane, esikhumbuzwe nge-"doi" nabameli abathile ababulawa yilabo abahlanganyeli bakahulumeni wama-Annamite, ekuqaleni kokuqothulwa kweFrance.
IZINDLELA ZOKUTHENGA
Idolobha lase IThanani [Tân An] ukhonzwa ngabakwa Saigon [Sài Gòn] - mytho [Mỹ Tho] ujantshi wesitimela onezitimela ezihamba izikhathi ezinhlanu ngosuku (laphaya nangemuva); futhi ngenani elikhulu lezimoto ezithutha umphakathi, besebenzisa umzila wamakoloni, nenkonzo esheshayo eholeni ngalinye losuku, isebenza ngokubambisana nesitimela ukuze kusizakale abahambi. Ukuvakashela ithuna likaMarshal Nguyen-Huynh-Duc [Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức], umuntu angahamba ngemoto aqonde ngqo kusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn] edolobhaneni lase UKhanh Hau [Khánh Hậu], noma umuntu angathatha isitimela aye ngaso IThanani [Tân An] bese “pousse-pousse” noma “tilbury” ukumboza amakhilomitha ama-3 ahlukanisa isiteshi nesikhumbuzo. Ukuvakasha I-Nhut Tao [Nhựt Tảo], kuyadingeka ukuthatha isampula ku- UBen Luc [Bến Lức], ehla i-Vaico esempumalanga, noma aqonde ngqo kule ndawo yemakethe, kungaba kusukela Saigon [Sài Gòn] noma kusuka I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn]. Kusuka kuNhut Tao I-Nhut Tao [I-Nhựt Tảo], umuntu angangena kalula ngesampula ethuneni le-Ong-Hong, emseleni wegama elifanayo, ogelezela eVaico engekude nalesi sikhungo.
HOTELS
Akunamahhotela ku IThanani [ITân An] ngenxa yokusondela kwamadolobhana amakhulu I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] no mytho [Mỹ Tho]. Abaphathi banganikela kubahambi baseYurophu amakamelo amabili endlini yezihambi, mahhala, kepha akukho kudla okutholakalayo. Akukho-bungalow, futhi awekho amakamelo lapho kuhanjiswa khona. Izinhlinzeko (okulondoloziwe, iwayini, isinkwa, iqhwa) zithengiswa emakethe ye IThanani [Tân An], ezitolo ezimbalwa zokudla.
IZIVUMELWANO ZOKUFUNDA
Ukunikezwa kwezindawo ezinkulu kufakelwe isicelo ngabomdabu kanye nabaseYurophu emathafeni aseJones, kepha njengoba konke okulinywayo kutholakala ezinhlanganweni zezikhukhula, okuwukuphela kokubuyiswa okutholwe yilabo ababaxhasile kuhlanganisa imali etholwayo. Ingxenye esenyakatho yesifundazwe nayo iyashesha, futhi kukhona imboni ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenziweni kokuhlanganisa nokupakisha ama-coarse. Ukutshala umoba kukhule kahle eminyakeni embalwa edlule emizaneni eminingana ye-canton ye Cuu Thuong [Cửu Cụ thượng], ikakhulukazi ku Thanh Loi [Thạnh Lợi], UBinh Hoa [Bình Hoà], I-Thanh Dong yami [Mỹ Thạnh Đông] no UQu wami [Mỹ Quý], konke akhiwe ngasempumalanga yeVaico, lapho kukhona khona abacishe babe ngama-20 bendawo yokuhlaziya ushukela.
BAN TU THU
12 / 2019
QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.
IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ I-GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ I-THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ I-MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA