Umphelekezeli waseFrance uPhlegeton wagqekeza eCan Gio inqaba - Holylandvietnamstudies.com

YIPHI indlela iFrance eyathatha iVietnam ngo-1857? - Isigaba 1

5670 Ukubukwa

Andrew Dang

Ngokomlando, i Umbuso wesibili waseFrance (1852-1870)^[1] akazange athathe izintambo zeVietnam ngonyaka we-1857. Empeleni, lokho kuhlasela uqobo kwenzeka 31 August 1858 at I-Tourane (Namuhla Đà Nẵng Idolobha enkabeni yeVietnam). Kwakuyindaba ende yeminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 yempi nokunqoba, kusuka e-Đà Nẵng ngonyaka we-1858 kuya ku Isivumelwano se-Huế e 1884^[2], lapho iVietnam “ngokusemthethweni” ilahlekelwa inkululeko yayo. Kade bengu amaphutha amaningi okwaholela ekulahlekelweni inkululeko yaseVietnam. Ngempendulo yami namuhla, ngigxile kakhulu esikhathini sokuqala se 1858-1862, lapho I-Nguyễn Dynasty nezinqubomgomo zayo ezingalungile ngemuva kwalokho kwaphenduka wonke amathemba nokunqoba kwabantu baseVietnam baba yinhlekelele kazwelonke! (Ngokudabukisayo, kodwa kwenzeka)^[3].

**I. UKUKHOLWA KWENKOLO (1858-1860): UMBONO WE-VIETNAMESE**

Ekuqaleni, ngaphansi kwesibhengezo se "Ukuvikela amaKatolika aseVietnam ashushiswayo" ngaphansi kokubusa kukaNguyễn Dynasty, ngamabutho empi angu-14 namasosha angama-3,000 amaFranco-Spain ngaphansi komyalo ophakeme Ummeli uCharles Rigault de Genouilly (1807-1873)^[5], baqala ukushayisana kwezikhali ngokumelene nazo zonke izinqaba zaseVietnam zasolwandle e-Bay of Đà Nẵng kanye INtaba yaseSơn Trà^[6]. Lo mcimbi wabe umaka ekuqaleni kokudumile Ukuvinjezelwa iTraane phakathi neminyaka emibili eyalandela (1858-1860), eyagcina i Ukunqoba kwaseVietnam.

AmaFulentshi alindele ukuba kube nokuvukelwa okujwayelekile kwamaKatolika aseVietnam ngokumelene noNguyễn Dynasty enhlokodolobha yawo I-Huế City (itholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-100 kuphela ukusuka ezikhundleni ezimatasa zaseFrance naseSpain azungeze Đà Nẵng City), kodwa empeleni batholile awekho amaVietnam angamaVietnam babezimisele ukubasiza. Ukulwa futhi kwakubhebhetheka zombili izinhlangothi. Ngemuva kweVietnam Ngokujwayelekile Lê Đình Lý (黎廷理, 1790 - 1858) ushonile empini, UMarshal Chu Phúc Minh wayephethe ngaphambili futhi kamuva eshintshwa ngu UMarshal Nguyễn Tri Phương (阮知方, I-1806-1873)^[7], owayedume ngamaqhinga okuvimbezela.

KwabaseFrance, e-Đà Nẵng amabutho abo ayehlaselwa kaningi futhi evinjezelwa amabutho aseVietnam. Amasosha angamakhulu ambalwa alahlekelwe izimpilo zawo ngenxa yamanxeba empi kanye nezifo, njenge-typhus. Ngo-1859, iFrance yakusasa Ikhasi le-Admiral Théogène François (1807-1867), othathe isikhundla sikaRigault de Genouilly, uchaze isimo sangempela ku-Đà Nẵng encwadini yakhe ngokulandelayo:

“Ngaba umphathi omkhulu ngo-1 Novemba 1859. Yeka amafa engawathola lapho! Ngempela ngakhipha iva elidumile onyaweni lukaRigault, kodwa kuphela ukulicindezela ngaphansi kwezinzipho zami. Sisebenzise izigidi ezingamashumi amathathu nambili, futhi yini esele ngakho? Isivumelwano neChina esidabulwe umlilo wenkanunu, eCanton umsebenzi wamasosha ophoqelelwe ukuba abe ngamaphoyisa omuzi, e-Tourane [Da Nang], indlu eyi-charnel yangempela lapho inkulungwane yamadoda ethu yafa khona ngosizi, ngaphandle kwenhloso, ngaphandle komphumela. "^[8]^[9]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMpi Evuthayo eChân Sảng Fort (noma Kien-Chan Fort) ngomhlaka 18 Novemba 1859 waze wadela impilo ye ULieutenant-Colonel Dupré-Déroulède, unjiniyela wezempi waseFrance osezingeni eliphakeme owayephakathi kwezinduna zasendlini futhi owayehlele nokuhlaselwa kuka-Đà Nẵng, ngenkathi i-cannonball yaseVietnam ingena emzimbeni wakhe. Ekugcineni, ngomhlaka 22 Mashi 1860, amaFulentshi anquma ukushisa konke ukufakwa kwawo kwezempi e-Đà Nẵng ahambisa amabutho awo Saigon, elinye lamadolobha abaluleke kakhulu eVietnam.

**II. UKUKHOLWA KWASAWUGONI (1859-1861): "IMFAZWE EGCWELEKILE YOKUVULA KAKHULU"**

Ngasikhathi sinye neSiege of Tourane, amaFulentshi avula elinye phambili eSouthern Vietnam kusukela ngoFebhuwari 1859, ne Ukuthathwa kweSaigon Citadel ngomhla ka-17 kuFebhuwari 1859. Ngemuva komzamo omangele kodwa ongaphumelelanga wokubamba konke Isifundazwe saseGia Định Ngomhlaka 21 Ephreli 1859, kwathi ngokushona kwabangu-14 kwalimala abangama-31, amaFulentshi ayeka ukusebenza kwawo abuyela ezikhundleni ezihlaselwe ^[13].

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwabo ekuphatheni amandla, amaFulentshi ayengabamba kuphela indawo ethunjiwe ezungeze namuhla iPort of Saigon nedolobha laseChin Lớn. Bekumele bathumele amanye amabutho ngaphambili kweTourane futhi ikakhulukazi okuzayo Impi Yesibili Ye-Opium e-China^[15]. Ngo-1860, kwakukhona amabutho angama-800 kuphela amaFranco-Spanish endaweni yaseSaigon. Amabutho abo aqale abekwa ngaphansi kokuyalelwa nguKaputeni UBernard Jauréguiberry (1815-1887)^[16], kamuva kwathathelwa isikhundla isikhulu samasosha aseFrance UJules d'Ariès (1813-1878).

Ngaleso sikhathi, amabutho aseVietnam ahlangana futhi aqala enye "impi" yokulwa nebutho laseFrance nelaseSpain eSaigon iminyaka ecishe ibe mibili, kusukela ngoFebhuwari 1859 kuya kuFebhuwari 1861. Kepha empeleni kwaba "ukuvinjelwa" ngenkani, noma uhlobo oluthile “Impi” yaseVietnam: Ngo amabutho angaphezu kwenkulungwane ezungeze iSaigon, i-madarins yaseVietnam yaseNguyễn Dynasty yakha kuphela izintambo zokuzivikela ezinamaphini amaningi kuphela, ingacabangi ukuthi ingaqala kanjani ukucasulwa kwabahlali ngenkathi inamandla amakhulu uma iqhathaniswa kuphela Amasosha angama-800 aseFrance naseSpain (kufaka phakathi ama-Tagals mercenaries)!

Uma kuqhathaniswa neSiege of Tourane, iSiege of Saigon yayihluke ngokuphelele: ETourane noma e-ẵà Nẵng, amaFulentshi ayephethe kuphela ingxenye encane yeSơn Trà Mountain ngenxa yenqubomgomo yomhlaba oshisiwe kanye namaqhinga afanele okuvimbezela. Kodwa-ke, eSaigon amaFrance athumba elinye lamachweba amakhulu eVietnam, ngakho-ke imizila yabo yokuhambisa ayizange iphazanyiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, balawula nokuthunyelwa kwelayisi eSouthern Vietnam futhi! Ngesikhathi "sokuvinjezelwa" (1859-1861), iPort of Saigon ngaphansi kokuphathwa yiFrance yavulwa nangokwengeziwe, lapho imikhumbi engamakhulu yabathengisi abavela eChina, eCambodia naseSingapore babevame ukungena nokuphuma. Ngo-1860, iPort of Saigon yathola^[18]:

"Izikebhe ezingamashumi ayisithupha nesithupha kanye nemijondolo eyi-100 zilayishe amathani angama-60,000 erayisi ezinyangeni ezine zenza imali eningi eHong Kong naseSingapore."

Ngesikhathi sokuvinjezelwa, imiphakathi yamaChinese eChợ Lớn yabambisana ngokubambisana "negunya elisha" laseFrance"Hhayi suka"), esikhundleni se- "umbuso wakudala" ("Cựu trào") kweNguyễn Dynasty. Impi yaseFrance eyayiseVietnam yayibenza bachuma futhi bacebile.

Kuyabonakala ukuthi ngalolu hlobo "lokuvinjezelwa", "ithuba elihle" lokususa amabutho ahlaselayo aseFranco-Spanish ancishisiwe, futhi U-Nguyễn Dynasty wabe esekhokha inani elisindayo ngecebo labo lobubi ngemuva kwalokho!

… Qhubeka…

IZITHOMBE:

[1] Umbuso wesibili waseFrance - iWikipedia

[2] Isivumelwano SaseHuế (1884) - iWikipedia

[3] Ubukhosi bakwaNguyễn - iWikipedia

[4] I-Tourane bay ibhomu eliqhunyiswa nge-bac

[5] UCharles Rigault de Genouilly - iWikipedia

[6] Intaba yeS Trn Trà - iWikipedia

[7] Nguyễn Tri Phương - I-Wikipedia

[8] Théogène François Ikhasi - Wikipedia

[9] I-Théogène Francois Ikhasi no-Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée bathatha ama-polytechniciens en Indochine

[10] I-French frigate Némésis (1847) - iWikipedia