CHAU DOC - Cochinchina
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UMARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. I-Physical Geography
Itholakala enyakatho nentshonalanga yeCochin-China, isifundazwe I-Chaudoc [I-Châu Đốc] iboshwe enyakatho nasentshonalanga nguMbuso waseCambodia, eningizimu, yizifundazwe Isidala [Hà Tiên] no URachgia [Rạch Giá], nasempumalanga, ngezifundazwe ze I-Longxuyen [Long Xuyên] no IThanani [ITân An].
I-OROGRAPHY
Lesi sifundazwe, esinezindawo ezingamahektare angama-275.876, sakhiwa ethafeni elikhulu kakhulu, elinobubanzi obude bezintaba eziyisikhombisa, okuyindawo ephakeme kunazo zonke I-Nui Cam [Núi Cấm] (880m), ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka edolobheni elikhulu. Eduzane nedolobha elikhulu, yiyona UNui Sam [INúi Sam], intaba encane kakhulu, engamamitha angama-232 ukuphakama, engqungqutheleni lapho kwakhiwa khona isanatorium ngonyaka we-1896.
HYDROGRAPHY
Amagatsha amabili omfula iMekong ahamba kulo lonke uhla lwesifundazwe, nawo onemisele emibili eyinhloko, i UVinh Te [Vĩnh Tế] umsele uqala kusukela I-Chaudoc [I-Châu Đốc] isakazela ku-900m ukusuka lapho ijoyina i I-Bassac [Umfula iBassac], enyakatho yedolobha, bese uqhubeka ubheke empumalanga, uqonde ethafeni elikhulu laseJones, unqamula phakathi kwezintaba ezimbili, UNui Cau [Núi Cậu] no I-Nui Tabec [UNúi Ta Béc], futhi uphela esigodini saseChen Thanh. The UVinh An [Vĩnh An] umsele uxhuma i I-Bassac [Umfula iBassac] unegatsha elilodwa le Mekong [UMê Kông] umfula, uqala ngo UPhumsoai [Phum Soài], iphela emzaneni wase Phu omude [Long Phú], 100m kusuka endaweni yemakethe ye IsiTanchau [Tân Châu]. Ingamakhilomitha angama-17 ubude namamitha ayi-15 ububanzi.
I-CLIMATE
Isimo sezulu I-Chaudoc [I-Châu Đốc] inempilo kahle, futhi izinga lokushisa liyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-18 no-26 degrees centigrade. Sinezikhathi zemvula ezijwayelekile kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba.
IMigwaqo
Isifundazwe sihlulwa yinethiwekhi yemizila, ehlanganisa izindlela zamakholoni ezivela I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ukuze I-Longxuyen [Long Xuyên] (ayikavulelwa ithrafikhi), the I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ukuze Isidala [Hà Tiên] umzila, kanye nemizila yesifundazwe esuka I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ukuze I-Tinhbien [Tịnh Biên], futhi kusuka I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ukuze IsiTanchau [Tân Châu]. Idolobha elikhulu lisuka ku-177km ukusuka I-Pnom Penh [Pnôm Pênh], 127km ukusuka Isidala [I-Hà Tiên], i-112km ukusuka eBockor, no-270km ukusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn]. Lapho I-Longxuyen [Long Xuyên] ukuze ISadec Kuvulwa indlela [Sa Đéc], Saigon [I-Sài G ]n] izoba ngama-225km kuphela ukusuka edolobheni elikhulu.
II. I-Administrative Geography
Isifundazwe I-Chaudoc [I-Châu Đốc] ihlukaniswe ngamakhethini ayi-12, yenziwa izifunda ezi-4 zokuphatha, lapho kubekwa khona isikhulu sabaphathi bomdabu. Izifunda ezine yilezi:
- ukuthunyelwa kwe UChauphu [Châu Phú];
- lokho IsiTanchau [Tân Châu];
- lokho I-Tinhbien [Tịnh Biên];
- lokho triton [I-Tri Tôn].
III. I-Economical Geography
UKUHLOLA
Isifundazwe singahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili, izifunda ezinamacala aphansi nezifunda ezinamagquma. Ilayisi nommbila bakha isivuno esikhulu,
a) Ilayisi: Ilayisi likhule phakathi I-Chaudoc [I-Châu Đốc] inezinhlobo eziningi: ilayisi "ngenkathi" irayisi "yasekuqaleni", ilayisi "sekwephuzile" nelayisi. Ilayisi “ngenkathi”, noma i-lua-mua, iyefana nakwezinye izifundazwe zaseCochin-China. Le rayisi ingatshalwa kuphela esifundeni se-lYiton, ngoba lo mhlaba awugcwaliwe ngumfula iMekong. Ilayisi "elihlwabusayo", noma i-lua-sa, elethwe kusuka eSiam eminyakeni eyi-12 eyedlule, lifaka izinhlobo eziningana, eziqokwe ngamagama akhethekile aphathelene, izwe elivela kulo, noma ukuma okusanhlamvu, noma isikhathi sokuqhakaza, noma ukuvuthwa kwayo. Okuphawuleka ngaleli rayisi ukuthi lisakazwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokusebenza noma yiliphi ngaphandle kokushiswa kokhula emasimini ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Akunanhlabathi lapho I-Chaudoc [I-Châu Đốc] ilungele ngempela ukukhula irayisi “yokuqala”, noma i-lua-som, ebizwa ngokuthi i-lua-som ULua Ba Trang [Lụa Bà Trăng]. Ukutshala le rayisi kuzanywa kuphela lapho nje kuphela izikhukhula. “Ilayisi” yelayisi, noma i-lua-gian, nayo iyakhula ezifundeni ezingaphansi kwezikhukhula zonyaka, ngesikhathi lapho zincipha,
b) UMaizei: Ngemuva kwalokho kwelayisi, ukutshala ummbila yiwona othakazelisa kakhulu. Itshalwe kakhulu noma incane kakhulu, kepha ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ze IsiTanchau [Tân Châu] no UChau Phu [Châu Phu].
INDAWO
Kunemishini emibili yokuhlukanisa lapho I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], kepha lokhu bekungasebenzi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngenxa yesivuno esingesihle. Kukhona ifektri kagesi ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqondile kwe UChau Phu [Châu Phu] (idolobha elikhulu) ngesilinganiso senyanga samandla we-4.000kw. Imboni kasilika yenziwa ezifundeni zase IsiTanchau [Tân Châu] no triton [I-Tri Tôn]. Kunezindawo zokufundela zezinambuzane ezingama-180 zesilika, ezingama-43 ezigobhoza okusanhlamvu, kanti ezingama-41 zisebenza lapho IsiTanchau [Tân Châu]. Cishe bonke amaCambodia asebenza kahle triton [AbakwaFed Tôn] bazalela izibungu zesilika futhi bakhiqize usilika ngenani elilinganiselwe ukuze bazisebenzisele bona. Basebenza ngokunganaki futhi ngaphandle kwendlela, kanti usilika awulona uhlobo olubi kangako, kangangokuba alunamsebenzi kwezentengiselwano. Noma kunjalo, babukisa emcimbini wonyaka weHanoi izingubo eziningana ezenziwe ngabo, ngempumelelo ethile. Kukhona ezinye izingquza zamatshe agogo UNui Sam [UNúi Sam], wasebenza ngamakholoni ambalwa, nosonkontileka baseChina nabakwa-Annamite. Kunemisebenzi eminingi ye-indigo eduzane IsiTanchau [Tân Châu]; i-indigo isezingeni elihle kepha ilungiselelwe kabi. Abomdabu abahlala emaphethelweni omsele we UVinh Te [I-Vĩnh Tế] yenza ama-rush mats namasaka (i-dem ne-caron). Lezi zenziwa ngabesifazane kuphela, kepha imboni kungenzeka ukuthi ife ngenxa yokuthi ukushesha okuvela ngasolwandle kuya ngokuya kunqabile, kulapho umhlaba uvuleka khona.
Ukudoba
Ingxenye enkulu yabantu besifundazwe imatasa nokudoba. Abagcini nje kwezinhlanzi emifudlaneni, kodwa futhi nasezichibini, echibini lezinhlanzi nasemigodini yezinhlanzi. Izinhlanzi zithengiswa zintsha, zomisiwe futhi zinosawoti. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela i-nuoc-mam, mam, ne-oyili; Izinhlanzi ezomile nezinosawoti zithunyelwa eChina naseSingapore.
UKUXOLELA
Ukuzingela I-Chaudoc [I-Châu Đốc] ifanele ukukhulunywa ngokukhethekile. Isifunda sezintaba, cishe esingu-17km ukusuka edolobhaneni elikhulu, elibangise eTriton, ligcwele umdlalo. Kukhona amahlosi, amahlosi, amakati, izilwane zasendle, ama-panthers, amadada, izingulube zasendle, njll. AmaHara, amabhuloho nezinyoni zasendle ziningi. AmaCambodiya angabazingeli abakhulu. Izakhamizi zasemzaneni zivame ukuhlela izimbali. Lapho umCambodian eyisiphathi esiziqhenyayo, usheshe adubule.
UKUQALA
I-Chaudoc [I-Châu Đốc] iyimakethe enhle yemikhiqizo yaseCambodia. Izimakethe ze I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], IsiTanchau [Tân Châu], I-Tinhbien [Tịnh Biên] no triton [I-Tri Tôn] iyanda nsuku zonke. Kukhona ukuhweba okusebenzayo lapho I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ezinkomeni, okusanhlamvu nasilika. Izimpahla ezivela eChina zithola ukuthengiswa phakathi kwabomdabu ezingaphakathi kwesifundazwe. Kufanele futhi kushiwo ukuthi izimpahla ezivela eTonkin zithola ukuthengisa okulungile ngaphakathi I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], kanye nakwezinye izifundazwe.
BAN TU THƯ
1 / 2020
QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.
IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ I-GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ I-THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ I-MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA