Umzamo wokutadisha UMBONO WEMISEBENZI WENDLELA YOKUQHAWULULA YOKUQHAWULA ISigaba 3
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HUNG NGUYEN MANH
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Ngesikhathi sokuthula eziyisikhombisa, benzani ngesikhathi sabo sokuphumula? Ngabe bashicilela noma yiziphi izincwadi eziphathelene nokuziphatha kobulili?
Ucansi lucwaningwe ngabantu abanempilo emhlabeni. Kwakunezincwadi ezifana I-Kama-Sutra (India), Ezothando Nezocansi, UDao Ma imfundiso eyimfihlo, Izimfihlo Ezibalulekile ze Ngoc Phong (China). Ikakhulu, The KuNu Book ibifihlwe emnyuziyamu waseChina oneminyaka eyinkulungwane kusukela Isikhathi se-Thai Co (2,550 BC), i-Golden Age yesintu, enabantu abaningi kakhulu kunanamuhla. Omunye wababusi abathathu ngaleso sikhathi (I-Phuc Hy, i-Than Nong, i-Hoang De) wanaka le nkinga. I-Phuc Hy okutholiwe Bát quái (Imidwebo eyisishiyagalombili) futhi wafundisa abantu ngemishado.
Kwakuyinhlanhla esizweni sakithi ukuthi ababusi bamakhosi ahlukene bangacabangi ngokushicilela ama-classical ezocansi njengezincwadi zocansi ukuze bazijabulise. Yize bebenamakhosi athile akhanukayo, awazange abhalwe kunoma yiziphi izincwadi, ngaphandle kwecala lika Le Long Dinh (986 - 1009), inkosi yokugcina ye I-Tien Le Dynasty. Wayeqoshwe ezincwadini zomlando njengombusi okhonselayo, onesihluku nononya. Kungakho abenegama elihlazo: Le Ngoa Trieu (INkosi uLe, owayehlala eqamba amanga embhedeni wasebukhosini ngenkathi ephethe inkantolo).
Izikhathi ezinokuthula (kasikhombisa), noma ngabe i-Ph.D. Ukuchazwa komcwaningi waseJapan okuchazwe ngemininingwane izimpikiswano zamandla ezikhiqize izimpi zangaphakathi, kepha kumarekhodi angokomlando, singathola amanye amacala afana nalawa Mac Dang Ubulongwe, UTran Thu Do, noma U-Ho Quy Ly.
Kwakuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi lapho Hau Le mbuso kwaqala, ingxabano kagesi yavela ngokushesha3. Amaqembu aqala ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile, izihlobo zamakhosi, abantu abanamakhaya ahlukene, njll. Ngokukhethekile, kube nezingxabano phakathi kwamadoda ayefanele ukuncintisana ukuthola ubukhosi (phakathi kukaLe Tu Te, indodana endala, noLe Nguyen Long, indodana yesibili endala) nokungcola phakathi kwabo (Kuthiwa uLe Tu Te uyahlanya).
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Emlandweni wanamuhla nowesimanje, ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19 kuze kube manje, iVietnam isishintshe ukubukeka kwamamodeli wokuhlalisana nabantu selokhu kwahlala amakoloni ezweni. Yize lesi simo sibuyele emuva, izimiso eziyisisekelo zesizwe zazisafundiswa emndenini ngamunye ukusuka emadolobheni kuya ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ochwepheshe bezincwadi babehlonyiswe ngemibono emisha, ukubhala okusha, impucuko entsha yaseNtshonalanga. Indlela ye-Aristotle yolimi olwaguqukayo yafaka ingxenye enkulu yendlela yendabuko yokucabanga kukaConfucius, waseMpumalanga. Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bempi noma yezempi babehlome ngezikhali ezintsha, izindlela ezintsha zempi, imicabango emisha, njll.
Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, iVietnam yayiyimpi enkulu yokulwa nezitha zaseMongolia nezaseChina ngezikhali ezilula. Kamuva, kwaba nezinhlelo ezimbili ezintsha zemicabango ezaguqula iVietnam yaba yindawo yezempi yesimanje enezimpi zemvelo isebenzisa izinambuzane ukulwa: Izindlebe zazisetshenziswa ukuhlasela amabutho angena emadolobhaneni, noma izimbungulu zazisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukunyakaza kwamasosha ezindaweni zempi (izimbungulu zazibulawa yindlala isikhathi eside bese zehlela phansi ezinhlathini ukuthola iphunga labantu ngokuhamba kwamasosha). Amasu wezempi aseVietnam asetshenziswa empini yabashokobezi kanye nempi yokulwa nodlame. Kwachitheka izinyembezi nezinyembezi zabantu baseVietnam, benethemba lentando yeningi, inkululeko, inkululeko kanye nenjabulo. Lowo bekungumcabango ojwayelekile wabo bonke abantu phakathi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi nendlela yokucabanga komndeni ngamunye, idolobha ngalinye, umndeni ngamunye, umuntu ngamunye. Kwakuyi-altare lamadlozi elalikhumbuza isizwe sakithi ukuba sithandane. Kusukela lapho, ochwepheshe bezincwadi nobuciko bokulwa babebumbene kakhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni. Lesi yisikhathi se-8 sokuthula isizwe sethu esiphuphe ngaso? '
QAPHELA:
1: LÉON VANDERMEERSCH, Le nouveau monde sinisé, eParis: Seuil, 1985
2: Ama-Classics Wezempi Ayisikhombisa afaka imibhalo eyisikhombisa yobuciko bempi evela emakhosini aseChu, Han, eDuong ngokulandelayo:
* Ubukhosi bukaChu: 5
1. Ubuciko bempi nguSun Tzu
2. UWuzi - Ubuciko bempi ngoWu Qi
3. Izindlela zeSima zikaSima Rangju
4. Wei Liaozi ngoWee Liao
5. Izimfundiso eziyisithupha eziyimfihlo ezenziwa nguJiang Ziya
* Ubukhosi bukaHan: 1: Amasu amathathu kaHuang Shigong
* Ubukhosi bukaDuong: 1: Imibuzo nezimpendulo eziyishumi nambili uTang Taizong noLi Weigong ngu-Emperror Taizong noLi Jing
3: U-Le Loi wayengumbusi owahlula amabutho akwa-Minh, waqeda iminyaka engama-20 yokubusa kwase China, wasungula i-Later Le Dynasty, umbuso omude kunayo yonke emlandweni wase-Vietnam.
Imithombo yamanani: yan.vn, myahola.vn
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ Umzamo wokutadisha UMBONO WEMISEBENZI WENDLELA YOKUQHAWULULA YOKUQHAWULA ISigaba 1.
◊ Umzamo wokutadisha UMBONO WEMISEBENZI WENDLELA YOKUQHAWULULA YOKUQHAWULA ISigaba 2.
BAN TU THU
11 / 2019