Umzamo wokutadisha UMBONO WEMISEBENZI WENDLELA YOKUQHAWULULA YOKUQHAWULA ISigaba 1
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HUNG NGUYEN MANH
Ngomzamo wokufunda umlando wesiko lobuciko bempi, ifa lesiko elingaphatheki lesizwe sethu, kufanele silinde I-Historical Research Association yaseVietnam nezinhlangano eziningi zokucwaninga zomlando ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene kanye nasemadolobheni, kanye nezazi eziningi kanye namakhosi wobuciko bempi eVietnam nakwamanye amazwe. Uma kunjalo, asinaso isiqiniseko sokuthi sizokwazi nini ukuthola izinto ezibalulekile esifundweni sesayensi somlando wezobuciko bempi baseVietnam. Kodwa-ke, uma siqoqa kuphela amadokhumenti atholakalayo agcinwe ezinqolobaneni zikazwelonke, singaneliswa okwesikhashana kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaneliseka kwethu kwesikhashana ikakhulukazi kusuka enkathini ye-feudalism enezinto zobucwebecwebe zempi ephakeme njengebhukwana lezempi ngaphansi kweTran Dynasty. Le ncwadi yezempi yayigcinelwe abaholi bezempi kanye namalungu omndeni wasebukhosini ukuba basebenzise ubuciko bempi UGiang Vo (Isikole Sempi Yezempi) (kusukela 1253).
Abaholi bezempi ngaphansi kwe Uhlanga lwamakhosi njengeTran Quoc Tuan, Tran Quang Khai, Tran Khanh Du, noPham Ngu Lao, behle umlando ngomgwaqo abaningi emigwaqweni yaseSaigon nakwamanye amadolobha aqanjwe ngabo. Abaholi bamasosha bacekela phansi izinhloso ezihlaselayo zamasosha aseMongolia. Kodwa-ke, ngemibhalo yasendulo yasendulo nezinganekwane, singakwazi ukuqoqa izinsiza zobuciko bempi kusuka kubukhosi bakwaTrieu kuye ekubuseni kukaTrung Nu Vuong (Kuthinta uTrung) (I-40-43 AD). Lezi zinkokheli ezimbili zamasosha besifazane babejwayele ukugibela izindlovu, basebenzise izinkemba, futhi bahole izimpi zesifazane ukunqoba amabutho kaTo Dinh.
Ngaphansi I-dinh uhlu lwamakhosi (968-980), umholi wezempi UDinh Tien Hoang wafundisa amaqhawe ukuthi angazisebenzisa kanjani izimbotshana - izinduku ezenziwa ngobukhulu (ngokukaToan Anh). Futhi, ku- Uhlu lwamakhosi weLeo Thanh Ton (1460-1496), umndeni wasebukhosini wasungula izivivinyo zobuciko bempi nokuqeqeshwa kwempi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona ama-mandarin angama-2,767 futhi ama-1,825 awo ayekwazi ubuciko bempi. Kusukela lapho, uLe Thanh Ton uhlonishwe njengomsunguli wokufunda ubuciko bempi waseVietnam ngenxa yemizamo yakhe yokwakha uhlelo lokuqeqesha ubuciko bempi.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwe Nguyen Hue (I-Quang Trung), kuthiwa wafunda I-Vo Tien (Ubuciko bempi bukaNkulunkulu) kuqhubeke Intaba ye-Cha Diem (ITruong Son Mountain Range) eSifundazweni saseBinh Dinh enomphathi wobuciko bempi ogama lakhe linguH Hien (UGiao Hien - uthisha uHien). Kamuva, waba ngumholi wamasosha odume ngokunqoba ibutho laseChina. Kusukela lapho, idolobhana lakubo, esifundazweni iBinh Dinh, laba yikhaya lesakhiwo segatsha lobuciko elidumile (ikakhulukazi e-An Vinh nase An Thai Villageges). Futhi, ngo-1938, igatsha lobuciko bempi iVovinam - Martial arts yaseVietnam lasungulwa futhi lisekhona kuze kube yilezi zinsuku eVietnam nasemazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Kunengoma yesintu enokwahluka okuningi okuveza indima yabesifazane emadolobheni abanemvelaphi yesiko lobuciko bempi:
I-Ai về Bình Định mà coi
Con gái Bình Định múa roi, Ngđi quyền
(Asiye kuBinh Dinh
Ukuncoma amantombazane enza amakhona nezindlela zobuciko bempi)
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuba amabutho aseFrance enikeze igunya lokulawula iVietnam, ukufundisa ubuciko bempi kwavinjelwa ukuvimbela ukuvuka.
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Ngenxa yokuqwashisa kusengaphambili ngempi yabantu eyaqhubeka isikhathi eside yesizwe, iVietnam yayingenakuphathwa ngombuso. Ngemuva kwalokho, iVietnam yagxila ekwakheni isisekelo sokufunda ubuciko bempi phakathi kwabantu ngemuva nje kokuphela kokubuswa kombuso wamaShayina ayinkulungwane. Futhi, ngokombono wendabuko wesisekelo sefilosofi saseMpumalanga emhlabeni wase China (ngokusho kweVandermeersch1), ukuthuthukiswa kokufundwa kwezobuciko kwaseVietnam kwabuye kwathonywa ubuConfucianism.
Izwe laseChina lalinosisekelo salo kusuka kufilosofi eyingqayizivele ye Yi Ching. UYin noJang futhi ama-Five Basic Elements yimisuka njengeziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa imithetho yomphakathi wesintu. Mhlawumbe yincwadi yakudala futhi enhle ekubukeni komhlaba nefilosofi yempilo - njengomthetho ongaguquki wokusinda kwazo zonke izidalwa.
Ngakho-ke, izimpilo zesizwe sethu, ikakhulukazi impilo yokomoya, nazo zithintekile kulokho kubusa okungaguquki. Isiko kanye nokufundwa kwezobuciko bempi ngeke kube khona ngaphandle kwalomthetho waphakade.
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Ingxenye yomphakathi yacabanga ukuthi amaChinese Classics, ikakhulukazi imibhalo eyisikhombisa eyisisekelo emlandweni wezobuciko bempi, obizwa ngokuthi ama-Mil Mil Classics2, zazisetshenziswa njengezincwadi zokufundisa nokufunda ubuciko bempi. Kungani thina, Vietnam, singazange sihlanganise izincwadi zethu zemibhalo yobuciko bempi? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, ake sibuyele emlandweni wezempi wesizwe. Siyabona ukuthi amava empi abhalwa ezincwadini ezibizwa UVo Kinh (Okwezempi) noVo Ta (Ubuciko bendabuko baseVietnam). UVo Kinh yiBhayibheli lokufunda ngobuciko bempi elalisetshenziswa IHung Dao Vuong Tran Quoc Tuan ukuqeqesha amaqhawe. Yi-Binh thu yeu luoc (Iqoqo Lamasu Wezempi) noma i-Binh phap cac nha (Amaqhinga Ezempi) okwakhulunywa nguTran Hung Dao ku- "Proclamation to the Official" ngekhulu le-XIII.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, lokhu kulondolozwa kwezincwadi zomlando kwahlanganiswa nencwajana ngu UDao Duy Tu (kusuka ngekhulu le-17th) ebizwa nge "Ho truong khu co" (Incwajana yempi kaDao Duy Tu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekunezinye izinqolobane zezincwadi ezihunyushwa njengokuhlanganiswa kwengqondo yobuciko bemikhuba nokuzijwayeza. Bangatholakala eHan-Nom (Izinhlamvu zamaShayina nezinhlamvu zakudala zaseVietnam) izitolo zezincwadi, ezifana Vo nghe quoc ngu ca (ihlukaniswe njengo-AB 597) ngaphandle kokuphawula kuphela kodwa nezithombe, ukwakheka, njll. ekuhumusheni nasekuhlobiseni.
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… Qhubeka…
QAPHELA:
Umthombo womfanekiso: vietcadao.com
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ Umzamo wokutadisha UMBONO WEMISEBENZI WENDLELA YOKUQHAWULULA YOKUQHAWULA ISigaba 2.
◊ Umzamo wokutadisha UMBONO WEMISEBENZI WENDLELA YOKUQHAWULULA YOKUQHAWULA ISigaba 3.
BAN TU THU
11 / 2019