I-TECHNIQUE YABANTU BAKA-ANNAMESE - Ingxenye 4: Ukwehluleka ukuhlonipha umbhalo wokuqala
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Hlanganisa uSolwazi, udokotela Wezomlando NGUYEN MANH HUNG
Igama lesidlaliso: ihhashi lemithwalo emzaneni wasenyuvesi
Igama lepeni: I-Beetle
4.1 Izingeniso zangaphambilini
4.1.1 Fukugula ukuhlonipha umbhalo wokuqala
a. Emakhasini okuqala aphathelene nomsuka walo msebenzi, sibhekane nezindawo ezahlukahlukene nabantu ababekhona ababexhumana futhi sebethula isethi yemibhalo ebalulwe ngenhla ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Sekukonke, singafingqa kanjena:
Mhlawumbe uPierre Huard wayengumuntu wokuqala futhi wokuqala owanikeza yonke imininingwane ngempilo nomsebenzi wombhali ku-Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient (Inhlamvu ye-Far-Eastern French School) njengoba sazi (1). Kamuva, lapho esebenzisana noMaurice Durand ukubhala le ncwadi enayo “Ulwazi lweVietnam” (2) UPierre Huard wayeshilo engxenyeni yakhe esebhayibhelini incwadi kaHenri Oger enesihloko esithi: "Isingeniso Esivamile Ekucwaningweni Kwamasu Wabantu Base-Annamese" (3).
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(1) UPierre Huard - Iphayona kwezobuchwepheshe base-Vietnamese. T.LWII BEFEO 1970, amakhasi 215-217.
(2) UPierre Huard noMaurice Durand - Ulwazi lweVietnam - u-olecole Française d'Extrême-Orient, eHanoi, 1954.
(3) UHenri Oger - Isingeniso Ngokujwayelekile esifundweni seTechnique yabantu base-Annamese; indatshana ngempilo ebonakalayo, ubuciko nezimboni zabantu base-Annam, eParis, UGeuthner, ngo-1908
Kodwa-ke, uP.Huard wayengasebenzisi imidwebo kaH. Oger ukukhombisa eyakhe sebenza (sikhulume ngalolu daba ngokucacile esahlukweni sethu esedlule).
b. Lapho siqhathanisa imidwebo eyethulwe naleyo esembhalweni wokuqala, siyabona ukuthi abethuli bokuqala babefihle ingxenye yolimi, ebhekwa ngabaphenyi abaningi njengengokoqobo “Isakhiwo sesibili” komunye nomunye wemidwebo. Ngaphambi kokucwaninga ngalokhu "Isakhiwo sesibili" ake sibheke izindlela owethulwe ngazo lo msebenzi ezinsukwini ezedlule.
1. Kukhona imidwebo lapho, ingxenye ethile yomdwebo ishiyiwe, efana nesimo sombhalo onesihloko esithi "Umthengisi wezinkomo" (95) kuvezwe e-Cultural House eBourges (Paris) kusukela ngoJuni 10, 78 kuya kuJulayi 5, 1978, sizobona ukuthi eyokuqala ine-mthunzi we-buffalo (bheka isithombe 132), lokho kufanele kushiwo.
I-Fig.95: I-CATTLE DEALERS (ngemuva kukaPhạm Ngọc Tuấn, umbukiso eParis, 1978)
I-Encyclopedic Knowledge okuyiSikhungo Sokuhlanganiswa Kwesichazamazwi Sezincwadi, lapho ingenisa “ingubo yomkhosi ” inqamule ihhashi lokhuni (96). Yize umdwebo wokuqala ungafakwa isichasiselo ngesiShayina nesiShayina esihunyushwe ngesiVietnam, uH .Oger wayechaze ngesiFrench "Isithombe sehhashi lokhuni sidonswa endaweni yokudonswa kwengqondo" (umkhiwane. 97).
I-Fig.96: ISIQHAWU SESIKHATHI (ihhashi lokhuni lishiywe)
I-Fig.97: UKUFAKA ISIHOLO ESIHLE NGOKUQINISEKISA NGENKOLO
2. Kukhona futhi imidwebo lapho umdwebo, esikhundleni sokuthi unqunywe, udwetshwe ngomunye umdwebo onjengalowo owachaza ngokusobala “amabutho empi"(98) nguNguyễn Thụ ukufanekisa umsebenzi osihloko sithi Izinkondlo Nezingoma Ezithandwayo zaseVietnam - isigodlo samasiko esizwe (incwadi yesi-4, phakathi kwamakhasi 346 no-347).
I-Fig.98: Umthengisi WOKUQALA (nguNguyễn Thụ)
Imidwebo yangempela yiyona ekhombisa "i-harquebusier ”(umkhiwane. 99) kanye no-isosha"(100).
I-Fig.99: HARQUEBUSIER(umdwebo owenziwa ngungcweti)
I-Fig.100: ISOSHA(umdwebo owenziwa ngungcweti)
Ngokwemithetho yezempi ngaphansi kobukhosi bakwaNguyen, amasosha ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: “lngi cơ"(unogada we-mandarinal) kanye no-lính vệ"(unogada). Onogada bakhethwa kusuka eNghệ An kuya eBình Thuận futhi babemi eHuế. Ngesikhathi sobutha phakathi kwamaFrance nathi, inkantolo yaseHuế yayithumele konogada baseNyakatho 8000, ababebekwe ngaphansi komyalo weKinh Lượcisikhulu esiphakeme esiphethe ukupakishwa).
Kepha onogada abangama-mandarinal, babhalwa eNyakatho futhi babephethe izifundazwe zokuqapha izifundazwe eziseNyakatho. Ngaphansi kokudinwa kwe-french, onogada baseMandarinal bathathelwa indawo yi "khố xanh"(Ibutho lezempi ngaphansi kombuso waseFrance laligqoke okhalweni oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), futhi ingxenye encane kakhulu yabo esele yabekwa ngaphansi komyalo babusi bezifundazwe.
3. Abanye phakathi kwabo abakazange bhangqwe noma banqunywe, kepha babe nezici eziguquliwe. Use "monochord ”(phakathi kwamakhasi we-128 no-129), kuboniswe emdwebeni onesihloko "Ikhonsathi" (umkhiwane. 101) nguNguyễn Thụ, intambo yehlisiwe ngenkathi kumdwebo wokuqala, umdwebi wayewudwebile ngokwahlukana (bheka umkhiwane. 156).
I-Fig.101: ISIVIVINYO (i-orchestra yendabuko, kaNguyễn Thụ)
Izingcosana ezi-blind blind at ezimakethe zazisebenzisa ukudlala i-monochord ukuze ziziphilise. Lolu uhlobo olujwayelekile lweVietnam lwensimbi yomculo olunentambo eyodwa kuphela, yingakho lubizwa ngokuthi yi-monochord. I-monochord ivame ukudlalwa i-solo, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuyivumelanisa nezinye izinhlobo zomculo ezinjenge- "Đàn cò" (izintambo ezimbili ze-violin ezinebhokisi lomsindo elakhiwe njengesitsha sepayipi), noma "Đàn kìm" (isiginci eside esiphathwe ngentambo ezine noma ezinhlanu). Esikrinini, ngaso leso sikhathi sinaka intambo, eboshwe ekugcineni kwesikhonkwane, esihlukile kunombumbulu esiwabona namuhla.Kukhona umusho ovela engomeni yengoma efundeka kanjena: (ekubeni uyintombazane, umuntu akufanele alalele i-monochord ) njengoba i-monochord ibhekwa njengethuluzi lomculo elihlazo, ikakhulukazi uma idlalwa ngobusuku obuzolile.
Ake sibheke imidwebo yokuqala enesichasiselo sikaH .Oger: "Iqembu lezimpumputhe elidlala umculo" (102). Ulwazi lwe-Encyclopedic lubeka ngokuthi: "Ikhonsathi".
I-Fig.102: IQEMBU LABacULI BLIND (ikhophi yokuqala)
4. Kodwa, kukhona futhi imidwebo lapho umculi Nguyễn Thụ angagcini ngokudweba izibalo ezingeziwe kepha futhi wadweba ezinye izinombolo ezifana naleyo enesihloko esithi:
“Ukudonsa ikhafa lephepha” nesichazwe njenge "Ukudlala inja-paw chess" (umkhiwane. 103).
I-Fig.103: UKUVULA ISIQHAWU SAMAPHEPHA KANYE NOKUDLALA IMITHETHO YOKUFUZAnguNguyễn Thụ)
Uma siqhathanisa nesikebhe sokuqala, sizobona ukuthi umdwebo wenja udwetshiwe ngaphezulu emdwebeni kaNguyễn Thụ. Owokuqala uthwala izinhlamvu ezi-4 zaseChinese ezibhalwe ngesiVietnam: "Đánh cờ chân chó" (Idlala inja-paw chess) (104).
I-Fig.104: UKUDLULA ISI-DoG-PAW CHES
Omunye umdwebo woqobo unesihloko esithi: “I-toad-kite"(105) nencazelo elandelayo ngesiShayina:
"Njengoba kuvunguza umoya omusha waseNingizimu ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, izingane zazivame ukwenza leli thoyizi, elibizwa nge-toad-kite bese lilinda umoya ukuze ulindize".
Umdwebo 105: I-TOAD-KITE (ngombhalo ngesiChinese: Njengoba kuvunguza umoya omusha waseNingizimu ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, izingane zazivame ukwenza le nto, ebizwa ngokuthi i-toad-kite, bese zilinda umoya ukuba ubhabhe)
I-4.1.2 Eamaphutha ahlanekezela incazelo
Indlela ebalulwe ngenhla yokuxhaphaza umsebenzi yayiholele emaphutheni ahlanekezela incazelo yangempela kanje:
a. Okufanele kunakwe kakhulu umdwebo lapho umdwebi Nguyễn Thụ asike imininingwane ethile futhi wayiqamba kabusha ngokombono wakhe. Waqamba igama “Abathengisi bezingulube” futhi, kuboniswe lapha (phakathi kwamakhasi 80 no-81), kusinika umbono wesigameko “Imakethe lapho kuvalwa” ngaphansi kwabathengisi ngaleso sikhathi (?)106). Kepha, empeleni isichasiselo sombhalo wokuqala "Ama-coolies afuna umsebenzi" (107). Mhlawumbe leli phutha lenziwe ngoba amafulegi alaba bantu abambe ngendlela ethile 'ingulube ebambekayo ” sibone ngaphakathi umkhiwane. 41.
I-Fig.106: IZIZIMBALI ZAMAKHAYA (nguNguyễn Thụ)
I-Fig.107: IMIKHAYA EBHEKA INDAWO (Umdwebo womsebenzi wezobuciko)
b. Ngokufanayo, i-Encyclopedic Knowledge iqambe omunye umdwebo: “Umshini wokuxhuma kwe-Thread” (120), ngenkathi imidwebo yasekuqaleni ichazwa:
"Ukuhlobisa i-parasol". Omunye umdwebo uqanjwe ngabakwaExpedic Knowledge as "Ijazi likaRickshawman", ngenkathi imidwebo yokuqala ichazwa ngezinhlamvu ezi-5 zaseChinese ezibhaliwe ezithi: "URickshawman ushintsha ibhulukwe lakhe" (177). Kukhona omunye futhi umdwebo ongavuma masinyane nalowo onika isihloko owasiqambe ngokuthi: "Amandla nsizwa" (128). Kepha, umculi akacabanga kanjalo kanti eskrinini sokuqala wabhala izinhlamvu ezintathu zaseChinese ezibhalwe ngesiVietnam: "Umuntu uthutha ebopha ingubo yakhe", ngenkathi u-Oger echazayo ngesiFulentshi: "Indlela yokusebenza yabasebenzi". Singacaphuna enye inombolo noma izimo ezifanayo…
