I-SPRING SCROLLS - Ingxenye 1

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

U-Old Confucian oMkhosi Wonyaka omusha we-Lunar

    Sibheke umdala uConfucian eguqa phansi ebhala Tết imiqulu. Phambi kwakhe kunendlwana, mhlawumbe iklayenti layo, emi eduze nenye indoda, umuntu odlulayo omile ukuze abheke umqulu.

   Lesi sithombe sisikhumbuza izigcawu ezifanayo eminyakeni engaba yikhulu edlule. Minyaka yonke, ekuqaleni kwenyanga yeshumi nambili, abantu abadala abangamaConfucius babegqoke izembatho ezimnyama zendabuko ngethoshi kanye namagilasi wamehlo babevame ukubonwa ezindlini eziphansi ezimakethe zaseTet, bebhala imiqulu yabathengi.

    Wayevame ukuthumela ibhodi enezinhlamvu ezimbili ezinkulu zamaShayina "ImiQulu Yentwasahlobo" emnyango wendlu. Izinsimbi zakhe zokusebenza zazihlanganisa ugqoko, amabhulashi athile, isitsha sikoyinki waseChina, nenqwaba yephepha elibomvu noma leorenji. Imibhalo ye-Calligraphic yayivele yenziwe emiqulwini. Abathengi bavele babiza izitolo ukuthi zibheke imiqhafazo bese bekhetha lezo abacabanga ukuthi zilungele ama-altare abo okukhonza, indawo yezindawo zokukhonza nezinto, okhokho babo noma izindawo zokugcina. Abadala abangamaConfucius abaze bachitha noma yimiphi isikhathi becabanga, kodwa bathatha nje ibhulashi balifaka ku-inki base bebhala okubhaliwe ngezinhlamvu zamaShayina bakhokhisa cishe ngababili hhao (Iyunithi yemali yaseVietnam) ngakunye umbhangqwana.

    Uma imiqulu ibizothunyelwa esangweni, i- Imibhalo eqoshiwe ifundwe kanjena:

"Amamayela womoya opholile asezohlangana entwasahlobo.

Isimo esihle kakhulu yinyanga yokuqala yonyaka."

     Uma imiqulu ibingaphanyekwa ku-veranda, okubhaliwe bekuzoba:

"USalangane umemezela izindaba ezimnandi esangweni.

I-Golden oriole yemukela ukufika kwentwasahlobo yonke indawo. "

     Noma elinye iqoqo lemibhalo lalifunda:

"Phambi kwegceke: UM bamboo utshela izwi lokuthula.

Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zesango: I-Apricot idlulisela imbali yokuchuma. "

    Uma imiqulu bekuhloselwe ukuyithumela ezinsikeni ezimbili zendlu, umdala uConfucian ubhala leyo mibhalo ethandwayo ngale ndlela elandelayo:

"Izulu lingezwa ngeminyaka nezinyanga, nabesilisa abaphila isikhathi eside.

Intwasahlobo inqoba izulu nomhlaba, nenjabulo ekhaya. "

Noma:

"New Year iza namakhulu enenjabulo.

Izinsuku zentwasahlobo zibona izinkulungwane zezinhlanhla"

    Uma ngabe imiqulu ibiyolengiswa nhlangothi zombili ze-altare lokhokho, babevame ukuncoma izinsizakalo ezinkulu nezimfanelo zokhokho, imiphumela yako ibe yinzuzo ezizukulwaneni:

"INtaba Ephakeme ihlala ingenakuqhathaniswa nesenzo somusa sokuzala.

Ulwandle oluvulekile lusemuva kakhulu ekunakekelweni komusa ekukhuliseni. "

Noma:

"Emakhulu eminyaka, izingane ezithandekayo nezibongayo zizogcina zikhona.

Isizukulwane ngesizukulwane, ifa lezinsizakalo zokhokho lizohlala lingashintshiwe. "

Noma:

"Ngenxa yezinsizakalo nobuhle bokhokho: Izinkulungwane zeminyaka zizochuma.

Ngokuphuma kobumnene bezizukulwane nokwesaba uNkulunkulu: Izizukulwane zamadoda ziyojabula. "

   Masifunde isigaba esabhalwa umFulentshi i-Indochina yamasonto onke ngo-1942 ²

"...Abampofu baseConfucius baqasha ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphambi kweTet umgwaqo ophansi noma indawo evulekile phambi kwendlu noma ekhoneni lomgwaqo… Babhala ngoyinki wegolide noma osiliva izinhlamvu zesiShayina emiqulwini yamaphepha abomvu ukuze bathole isizumbulu semali. Ukube bekunomngcwabo kulo nyaka ophelayo, imindeni eshonelwe ibizocela imiqulu ephuzi noma eluhlaza. Lo mthelela wasenganekwaneni wawukhuthaze abantu ukuthi basebenzise isamba esithile semali ekuthengeni imiqulu ukuhlobisa amasango ezindlu zabo, izinsika naphansi… noma ezindongeni. Yize iConfucianism yayingasekho, amaConfucian ayesabonakala kumabhantshi agugile kakotini, eqhaqhazela ngamakhaza ngenkathi ehleli ocansini oluncane lukamama wokubhala abalingiswa bokugcina baseChina…".

Imiqulu Ebomvu - Uhlobo Lwezincwadi ZaseMpumalanga

"Inyama enamafutha, ama-scallion afakwe emanzini, imiqulu ebomvu,.

I-Tết pole, uchungechunge lwezicishamlilo, amakhekhe aluhlaza"

    Ngaphandle kokuhlela nokuhlobisa indlu yakhe, athenge iminikelo ye-altare lakhe, nendoda empofu kakhulu ayikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuya emakethe noma ngaphandle komgwaqo ukuze ithole umqulu ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu, imiqulu embalwa enezinhlamvu ezibhaliwe, ezibhalwe ngesandla noma eziqoshwe ku-bamboo njengokushiwo ngenhla.

     Kunabantu abathenga iphepha elibomvu bacele othisha bendawo ukuthi babhalele kulo. Abanye bakwazi ukucela izifundiswa ukuthi zibhale ephepheni elibomvu noma kusilika - lokhu okunzima kakhulu kubafundi akubekiwe kahle ngamagama abangakunika noma ngubani. Abantu abaningi abacebile abangachazwanga abakwaziyo ukuthenga imiqulu efana naleyo ehlotshiswe ngobukhazikhazi abakwazi ukuthola noma iyiphi incwadi kubo. Noma bekwazi ukuthola lezi zincwadi, yilezi izincwadi eziyize (izincwadi zesikhwama).

     Lapho unganamathisela khona imiqulu ebomvu? Odongeni, ezinhlangothini zombili ze-altare, esangweni noma ezinsikeni zomuzi njengokubonwa kwesithombe (I-Fig.1). "Izimbali ziphendukela elangeni elilandelayo entwasahlobo”. Imiqulu ebomvu ayinamathiswanga kuphela kulezi zindawo ezibalulwe ngenhla kepha nasezikhungweni zezingulube, ezibayeni zezinyathi. UHenri Oger Ulandisa ukuthi avela nasezisekelweni zamanzi (I-Fig.2).

     ENingizimu, imiqulu emithathu ebomvu kunamathelwe endlini kuthi okwesine kukhishini. Amashumi abanye abanye abekelwe izihlahla zezithelo engadini yezithelo. Ngisho nezikhathuni zenkabi, izaqathe zenyathi zihlotshisiwe, kungashiwongo ngomthombo nangengulube. Ikakhulu, amakhabe amanzi e-altare nawo ahlotshisiwe, kepha izinhlamvu ezisekiphepha elibomvu ezinjengalezi ngezinye izikhathi azizifanekiseli izithandani ezifanayo zangempela.

    Hhayi abacebile kuphela kodwa nabampofu bajabulela imiqulu ebomvu. Futhi kuthiwani nge-pagoda? Ihlotshiswe ngokwengeziwe. Esithombeni, umnyango we-pagoda ushiywe uvulekile ukuze usibone uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-couplet efanayo (I-Fig.1).

"Imodi indala kodwa insika yintsha"

    Imiqulu ebomvu zibhalwe ngesiShayina futhi naseNôm (noma umbhalo wedemokhrasi). Ziveza imicabango yomnikazi wendlu ngokuphila, intwasahlobo, kwesinye isikhathi kubhekiswa ekuguqukeni kwemvelo okungaguquki, kwesinye isikhathi zixhumanisa nencazelo yefilosofi enjengesiqubulo.

    Abanye abantu basho lokho imiqulu efanayo Uhlobo lwezincwadi lwaseMpumalanga, uhlobo lwendabuko, olunamandla futhi kwesinye isikhathi olunobuciko obukhulu '. Imiqulu ebomvu ibeka ukunambitheka okukhethekile kwe Imikhosi yeTết yaseVietnam. Sebephenduke isiko lamaVietnam.

    Lapho ukhuluma Vũ Đình Liên, abantu bakhumbula inkondlo ethi “Isazi seConfucian".

    Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ingqikithi yale nkondlo igqugquzele umdwebi wezinhlungu IBùi Xuân Phái ukudala Collage yakhe anemibala emele Vũ Đình Liên'Isazi seConfucian. Ngo-1974, ngenkathi incoma ikholaji esishiwoyo Vũ Đình Liên naye wayephefumulelwe ukuthi abhale le nkondlo elandelayo:

“Lapho umuntu eqinisa umdwebo, inhliziyo yomuntu iyagcwala ngokuphefumulelwa kwenkondlo.

Wonke umphefumulo wesikhathi esidlule ubeka i- "Confucian Scholar".

Amavesi amathathu ahlanganise umthombo wokukhumbula.

Izingcezwana ezimbalwa zephepha zisanikeza amaphiko amaphupho.

Ithoni nombala wezinyembezi zakudala kusalokhu kungasasebenzi.

Izithombe zenza uthando lwakudala lukhule.

O! ipeni noyinki Izazi zamaConfucian zeminyaka eyizinkulungwane edlule.

Ngabe ukucasuka kwakho sekuvele kwehlelekile manje ”.

    Leyo nkondlo edumile eshiwo ngenhla yabhalwa lapho imbongi yayineminyaka engama-23 kuphela kanti kwakuhloswe ngayo ukuqopha isithombe sokugcina sesazi seConfucian (ubaba wembongi). Vũ Đình Liên umbhali wezimbongi wazalwa ngoNovemba 12, 1913, e I-Châu Khê IDolobhana, Isifunda saseBình Giang, U-Hai Duong isifundazwe. Kamuva, walandela umndeni wakhe wayohlala eHanoi futhi bahlala eThe I-Hàng Bạc (umgwaqo wesiliva). Vũ Đình Liên waphothula iziqu ze-Bachelor of Laws futhi wabamba iqhaza kwezinguquko ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi yokumelana namaFulentshi, futhi eyisishoshovu ezinhlanganweni zezincwadi kanye nezobuciko i-Third Interzone. Umsebenzi esihloko sithi “Vietnamese Poets” unenkulumo elandelayo kuleyo nkondlo engapheli: “Kumuntu owemukela lo mbhalo, inhloso yakhe kufinyelelwa lapho kugunyazwa inkondlo engonakali.

  Sisho ukuthi le nkondlo engafi yanele ukwenza ukuthi umbhali wayo akhunjulwe ngezizukulwane ezizayo. "

   Ngo-1953 imbongi Vũ Đình Liên ubuyile eHaø Noäi futhi wasebenzela i-Textbook Developmenting Board eMnyangweni Wezemfundo futhi wayeyilungu le Le Quy Don Cultural Group eyahlanganisa “Umlando omfushane weNcwadi yaseVietnam”. Ngaleso sikhathi wayenomthelela ekuhunyushweni kwegama elithi “I-Hoàng Việt anthology"Futhi wayengumbhali omkhulu we"I-Anthology of Prose yaseVietnam nezinkondlo”Vol.4. Wayefundise futhi naseYunivesithi yasePedagogy futhi wayeyinhloko yoMnyango wezilimi zaseFrance.

    Ukwahlulela isithunzi nomsebenzi wakhe, I-Nostalgic, Hoài Chân kusukela eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha edlule wabhala: "Selokhu kwaba khona inhlangano yezinkondlo ezintsha, besikubonile ukuba khona Vũ Đình LiênIzinkondlo ezishicilelwe ngokusakazeka kuzibuyekezo ezahlukahlukene. Ubuye wacula nokudumisa kothando njengazo zonke izimbongi ngaleso sikhathi. Kepha ugqozi lwakhe oluphambili lwaluhilela ukuzikhandla kwakhe nothando lwakhe lwezinto ezedlule. Wayenesihawu ngabantu ababela phansi, wayekhumbula izigcawu zakudala nabangane".

    Okwakhathaza kakhulu ngaye uqobo njengoba eseneminyaka emithathu ubudala futhi ehlala nobaba wakhe ongaboni nonina ompofu, okwakumele ondle umyeni wakhe nengane kanye nokugula okubangelwa izehlakalo zomhlaba kanye nokuziphatha kwabantu okujwayelekile umqondo wembongi.

    Abantu balandisa ukuthi ngolunye usuku ngonyaka we-1973, ngenkathi bebuya Indodana Tay kuya Hà Nội, imbongi yayimile eThe Trò ibhuloho ukubuza ngomlando walelo bhuloho. Ishukunyiswe yimpilo emfishane yomculi ompofu owashona kulelo bhuloho (wabamba umkhuhlane ngenkathi ebuya ebusuku), imbongi ibhale le nkondlo elandelayo futhi iyishiya e-pagoda encane abantu bomuzi abayakhile ukuba bakhuleke isilo sengoma esishonile:

"Lapho ebuyela eHanoi, umuntu kufanele awele Trò ibhuloho

Inhliziyo yomuntu ijika ibe lusizi lapho elalele izindaba zakudala zesishayamthetho esishonile.

Ngubani owadakwa emkhosini walabobo busuku futhi wabangela ukuba izinduna zokwehla.

Isithwathwa nemvula sekwehlele lesi sihlabelelo esimpofu.

Ingubo yakhe encane ayikwazanga ukuvimba ukubanda.

Futhi impilo yokwehla nokwenyuka yayiphelile njengembali ewayo.

Ake sithi Nguyen Du usenepeni lomlando.

Ezinye izinkondlo ezingeziwe zenhliziyo zisabhalwa ”

    Abangani abakhulu balembongi bachaza lesi sithombe esilandelayo sakhe esabonakala minyaka yonke ngehora lesikhashana ngosuku olusha, lapho Vũ Đình Liên baphume, bephethe isikhwama esincane esine-ration yakhe ye-Tết esivele ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezincanyana, ukuvakashela abamhlophe, iziteshi zamabhasi ngifuna amadoda amadala noma abafana abancane abangafanele badinge ukudla ukuze babingelele isikhathi sentwasahlobo.

    Umbongi Vũ Đình Liên ushonile ngoJanuwari 18,1996 futhi akazange abe nethuba lokubona umsebenzi “Izinkondlo ze Vũ Đình Liên”Okuzokhishwa yi UVăn Hoá (Amasiko) Indlu Yokushicilela³.

… Kuqhubekile esigabeni 2…

QAPHELA:
¹ Hlanganisa uSolwazi HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
² G. PISIER - I-L'esprit des Annamites et le Tết (Umphefumlo wamaholide we-Annamese neTết) kuboniswe masonto onke i-Indochina, ngoFebhuwari, 12, 1942, kk.15.
³ Ngokwe-athikili ka-TRẦN VĂN MỸ: “UVŨ ĐÌNH LIÊN - imbongi enesiphiwo, ubuntu obukhulu” iHà Nội Today Review, engeza uNombolo 26 - Juni 1996 - pp 53 ~ 55.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

QAPHELA:
Umthombo: U-Vietnamese Lunar New Year - Umkhosi Omkhulu - Asso. UProf HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
Images Izithombe ze-Bold kanye ne-sepia zisethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com

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