Umlando we-TET MAGAZINES eCochin China - Ingxenye 2

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH

… Iyaqhubeka…

    Ukungapheleli kwabantu kuqukethe ukucabanga ukuthi abanye abantu babusiswa kakhulu kunabo, kanti empeleni, usuku ngalunye, bathola izibusiso eziningi kakhulu kunezidalwa ezikanye nabo. Noma isibusiso singaba sincane kangakanani, kufanele sizizwe sijabule ngokuba naso, njengoba sidaleke sonke njengendawo yokukhosela, yize incane, isabhekene nengcindezi yomoya, kanye nezicucu zebhomu ezibukhali.

    Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuzijabulisa, phakathi kwazo izindlela ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo yizo okufanele sicabange ngazo lapho isikhathi sentwasahlobo sibuya.

    Abaningi bezindaba ngaleso sikhathi babekuhlolile ukwehla kokuqukethwe yizindaba zeNtwasahlobo kuyo yonke leyo minyaka emihlanu yempi.

    Lokho bekuyisimo seCochin China okuyinto Ho Bieu Chanh [Hồ Biểu Chánh] ungomunye wofakazi bomlando.

    Uma ubheka ngaseHanoi - okuyisisekelo sesizwe sonke - abezindaba babenabo, komagazini abanjengo I-Tri Tan [Tri Tân] (Ukwazi okusha) Thanh Nghi [Thanh Nghị] (Umbono Womphakathi) I-Trung Bac Chu nhat [UTrung Bắc Chủ nhật] (ISonto eliPhakathi nelaseNyakatho), sishiyele inzuzo yethu ingcebo eningi yamadokhumenti, esetshenziselwa imibuthano yabezindaba nezincwadi. Kukhulunywa ngqo. izindaba zasentwasahlobo ze I-Trung Bac Chu nhat [I-Trung Bắc Chủ nhật], UPhong Hoa [Phong Hoá] no Ngay Cha [Ngày Nay] wayehlulile izingqondo zabafundi beChinchin Chinese.

    Mayelana ne UPhong Hoa [Phong Hoá] no Ngay Cha [Ngày Nay], labomagazini babeqinisekise izindawo zabo zoqobo kwimibuthano yanamuhla nemibuthano yezincwadi. Abantu bokudala abanjengo U-Ly Toet, Xa Xe, I-Bang Banh [Lý Toét, Xã Xệ, Bang Bạnh]… bakha into ephawulekayo phakathi kwezinhlobo zomagazini namaphephandaba kuleso sikhathi sokuqala. Ikakhulu abantu abanjengo U-Ly Toet futhi Xa Xe [Lý Toét, Xã Xệ]… wayesephinde wavela komagazini ababhalwe ngesiFulentshi. Abezindaba, belungiselela ukukhishwa kwasentwasahlobo komagazini abahlukahlukene, basebenzise imidwebo emele labo bantu ababili abacatshangelwayo - ababhekwa njengabantu abavamile baseVietnam - ngakho-ke, sizoba nethuba lokubazisa kubafundi bethu kumagazini wethu weNtwasahlobo walo nyaka.

    Ngemuva kokuthi amaFrance abuyele ku- Saigon [Sài Gòn] okwesibili, omagazini bobabili I-Tuong Lai [Tương Lai] (Ikusasa) futhi UPhuc Hung [Phục Hưng] (Revival) wayehlose ukujabulela I-Tet [Tết] ngesikhathi sokuqala. Njengesici esikhethekile, labomagazini baye baba nesinyathelo sokushicilela amakhadi wamagama aphethe imikhonzo kaNyaka Omusha [kaNăm mới] ngezindaba zabo ezikhethekile ezishicilelwe ekugcineni UBinh Tuat [Bính Tuất] unyaka (1946). Ngaleso sikhathi, isizwe sase siqale impi yaso yokumelana namaFrance, kodwa umagazini kaPhuc Hung [Phục Hưng] wayesenethemba lokuthula okuhlala njalo.

    “'Ngentwasahlobo yeBinh Tuat [Bính Tuất] (1946), iphephabhuku likaPhuc Hung [Phục Hưng] lidlulisela izifiso zalo ezinhle kubo bonke abafundi, ngethemba lokuthi bazokwazi ukujabulela: Ukuthula - Freedom - Injabulo".

   Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo (1947) Umbuthano Wezintatheli wawugcwele ngamanye amagama afana nalawa: Viet Kodwa [Việt Bút] (IVietnam laseVietnam), I-Tin Dien [Tin Điện] (Izindaba zeFlash), I-Kien Thiet [Kiến Thiết] (Ukwakhiwa kabusha), Su Lokho [Sự Thật] (Iqiniso), U-Len Dang [Lên Đàng] (Ukuqala indlela yakho), Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] (Cochin China), I-Tan Viet [Tân Việt] (IVietnam entsha), UTieng Goi [Tiếng Goi] (The Call). Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona ezimbili kuphela phakathi kwazo ezazifanele ukunakwa. Kwakuyindaba yaseSikhawini nguMnu noNkk. Kepha uTra [Bút Trà] - okungukuthi I-Kien Thiet [Kiến Thiết] Ukukhishwa kwenkampani ye-Springtime ye-Lawyer Chin [Chín], kanye ne Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] Ukukhishwa kwentwasahlobo kukaMnu. Truong [Trường].

    Ngonyaka we-1948 - abezindaba babonakala ngathi bavuswa ngezindaba ezikhethekile eziningi zesikhathi saseNtwasahlobo ezingathathwa njengeprolix. Kule nkathi yesikhathi, izimpikiswano eziningi ezikhethekile zesikhathi saseNtwasahlobo zenzeka futhi zaqhudelana ngokuletha ukubingelela konyaka omusha ngaphansi kwamagama “njengezwe elithandekayo” njengeLiberation Springtime [Xuân Giài Phóng] - Isikhathi Sempelasonto Senkathi [Xuân Khói Lửa] - Kuzwelonke Isikhathi Sentwasahlobo [Xuân Dân Tộc]…

     Njengesici esikhethekile futhi njengefashini yefashini - izindlu eziningi zokushicilela ezifana I-Tan Viet [Tân Viêt], UNam Cuong [Nam Cường] ubuye wanyathelisa izindaba ezikhethekile zonyaka wasentwasahlobo. Ngisho nezinhlangano ze I-Cao Dai [Cao Đài] no Hoa Hao [Hoà Hảo] amabutho (ICao Dai neHoa Hao ziyizihlelo zenkolo) kanye ne I-Roman Catholic Izinhlangano ze- [Thiên chúa giáo] nazo zishicilele omagazini bangesikhathi saseNtwasahlobo, bephethe amagama waseshashalazini afana nalawa: Umsindo we-Bell Springtime Magazine [Xuân Tiếng Kèn], e-Eastern Area Springtime Magazine [Xuân Miền Đông], Fighting Springtime Magazine [Xuân Chiến Đấu]…

    Kodwa-ke, ukubhekana nokuvela kuphela - umbuthano wabezindaba ukholelwa ukuthi izingqinamba ezimbili ezilandelanayo zesikhathi saseNtwasahlobo, ezashicilelwa ngaphakathi kokuthuthuka kwesimo ngeminyaka ka-1949 nango-1950 zazike zasebenza njengezibonelo zabo bonke omagazini basentwasahlobo ngaleso sikhathi futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke. Ukulungiswa kwemodeli enjalo kudwetshe isithombe esicace bha, ngesimo nangokuqukethwe, sesimo lapho umbuthano wabezindaba uvunyelwe khona ukujabulela umbuso wabezindaba ovulekile (kusukela entwasahlobo yango-1950) - kodwa lapho kufika unyaka ka-1951, omagazini basentwasahlobo baphinda benqaba. Ukwehla nokwehla kombuthano wabezindaba kukhombisa nezimo ezingazinzile zezepolitiki nezomnotho kuyo yonke insimu ye-Indochina.

    Umuntu angahlukanisa kanjani omagazini basePhephandabeni namaphephandaba maqondana nokuthambekela kwabo kwezepolitiki, kwezobuciko, kwezenhlalo nakwezamasiko… okukhonjiswe yibo ngendlela eqotho - lokhu kuyinto efuna umsebenzi ocwaningisisayo, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene - indlela yokucwaninga, indlela yomlando , indlela yezifundo zepolitiki…

    Indlela yokucwaninga uqobo ayiyona into elula yize sinamanye amaGazini asentwasahlobo amaningi ongabala njenge UDong Thanh Xuan [Đông Thanh Xuân] 1935 (Izwi le-0rient Spring 1935) enyatheliswa nguDkt. UTran Nhu Lan [Trần Như Lân], Cha Xuan [Cha Xuân] (ISprin yanamuhlag), UTan Tien Xuan [Tân Tiến Xuân] (Intwasahlobo Yesimanje), UDan Ba ​​Moi [Đàn Bà Mới] (Abesifazane abasha) ekhishwa ngu I-Bang Duong [Băng Dương], Sai Thanh Hoa bao [Sài Thành Họa báo] (USaigon ubonisiwe), UTan Thoi [Tân Thời] (Izikhathi zanamuhla), UTu Do [Yenza]Freedom), Dong Nai [Đồng Nai], UDong Duong [Đông Duong] (Indochina), UNu Gioi [Nữ Gới] (Umhlaba womuntu wesifazane), UKhoa Hoc [Khoa Học] (isayensi), Iculo ishosha [Sống] (Ukuphila) - Qhafaza Bong [Chớp Bóng] (I-Movie), UVan Hoc [Văn Học] tuan san (Umagazini wamasiko masonto onke), I-Niet Ban [Niết Bàn] (Nirvana)… Phakathi kwabo bonke omagazini baseNtwasahlobo kufanele sinake kakhulu abambalwa abanjengoMai (Kusasa) ekhishwa ngu UDao Trinh Nhat [Đào Trịnh Nhật], UTan Van [Tân Văn] (Izincwadi ezintsha) ekhishwa ngu UPhan Van Thiet [UPhan Văn Thiết], UNhut Bao [Nhựt Báo] (Iphephandaba lansuku zonke) futhi UDan Moi [Dân Mới] (Abantu abasha) eshicilelwe ngu Nguyen Bao Toan [Nguyễn Bảo Toàn] no Nguyen Van Mai [Nguyễn Văn Mai]. Kumele futhi sithole ngamahemuhemu lapho imibuthano yabezindaba ikholelwa ukuthi i-Third Internationalists inayo UDai Chung [Đại Chúng] (IMassIphephandaba kanye neFourth Internationalists bane- UTranh Dau [UTranh Đấu] (Ukulwa) Umagazini onezimpawu ezikhethekile nezangempela.

    Kodwa-ke, ekubhekeni ubuso kanye nokubukeka kwendaba ekhethekile ye-Springtime, siyabona ukuthi, ekuqaleni, inani lamakhasi lincane kakhulu, uma liqhathaniswa nelinye lamaphephandaba ajwayelekile nsuku zonke - akunjalo ngoba izindatshana kumele zibe zigxile kwizifundo zentwasahlobo, ngakho-ke zakhethwa ngokucophelela? Umagazini wentwasahlobo ka I-Trung Lap [I-Trung Lập] (1933) inamakhasi ayi-10 kuphela osayizi abajwayelekile, ngentengo yokuthengisa yamasenti ayi-15; kwakukhona kuphela U-Xuan Phu Nu Tan Van  [Xuân Phụ Nữ Tân Văn] (Imibhalo emisha Yabesifazane) eyayiminyene kahle inamakhasi angama-38 - inamakhasi amane ekhava ephrintiwe ikakhulukazi ngemibala eyayimangalisa impela, kepha intengo yokuthengisa yayingamasenti angama-4 kuphela. Ngaleso sikhathi i- Than Chung [Thần Chung] (Isimanga se-Bell) kwamiswa abafundi basindisa ukunaka kwabo UPhu Nu Tan Van [Phụ Nữ Tân Văn] okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla.Isihloko Esikhethekile Sasemaphethelweni we UDuoc Nha Nam [Đuốc Nhà Nam] (IsiThai SeVietnam yabantu) eyashicilelwa nguNguyen Phan Long [Nguyễn Phan Long] noNguyen Van Sam [Nguyễn Văn Sâm] ngo-1935 nayo yayivelele enamakhasi ayo angama-20, ephrintiwe kahle futhi athengiswa ngamasenti angama-20 lilinye. Kwathi ngo-1936, umagazini wangesikhathi saseNtwasahlobo owawunesihloko esithi “Vietnam”, owashicilelwa nguNguyen Phan Long [Nguyễn Phan Long], wawunamakhasi angama-24 futhi wathengiswa ngentengo engaphansi ngisho kwamasenti angama-20.

    Umagazini wokuphela konyaka UPhuc Hung [Phục Hưng] (Ukubuyiselwa) eyanyatheliswa ngo-1946 yayinkulu njengengxenye kamagazini ovamile wansuku zonke futhi yathengiswa i-piastre eyodwa.

     Ngaleso sikhathi, ezinye Izinkinga Zesikhathi Sentwasahlobo zazidayisa ngokushesha, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezithombe zabo noma izithombe ezisembozweni sabo - njengendaba ye-Springtime Issue Ani Sang [Ánh Sáng] (Ukukhanya) kaLu Khe [Lữ Khê] - noma ngenxa yenani labo elikhulu lamakhasi afana necala le- Than Chung [Thần Chung] (Isimanga se-BelllikaNam Dinh [Nam Đình], kodwa futhi ngenxa yelotho esetshenziselwa "ukumaketha" njengasendabeni ye- USaigon Moi [Sài Gòn Mới] (I-Saigon entsha) ekhishwe nguNkk. Njengesici esikhethekile, Inkinga Yasentwasahlobo ka UDok Thay [Đọc Thấy] (Funda futhi Bona) eyashicilelwa nguTran Van An [Trần Văn An], yathengiswa ngokushesha njengoba "yayiyizindaba ezintathu zibe yinye" futhi yathengiswa ngentengo ephansi, ngenkathi abafundi bevunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni ngemiklomelo eminingi ababengayiwina . Ngokuqondene Nokukhishwa Kwentwasahlobo kwe 'the UDani Quy [Dân Quý] (Abantu Bathandekayo) ekhishwa ngu UPhan Khac Suu [Phan Khắc Sửu] - usopolitiki waseNingizimu - nangokuthi Nguyen Van Mai [Nguyễn Văn Mai], ithengise kahle ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okufundekayo kanye nokwethula kwayo ngobuciko.

     Ngaphandle kwalokho, umbuthano wabezindaba awukwazanga ukugwema ukuncintisana wodwa ukukhipha omagazini namaphephandaba kusenesikhathi; ngomncintiswano onjalo, i Than Chung [UTần Chung] waseNam Dinh [Nam Đình] wayefinyelele izinto ezazifundwa ngaphambili kakhulu kunabanye omagazini./.

BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊  Umlando we-TET MAGAZINES eCochin China - Ingxenye 1

BAN TU THU
11 / 2019