I-HA TIEN - I-Cochinchina
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UMARCEL BERNANOISE1
I-Physical and Economic Geography
Idolobha elikhulu lesifundazwe Isidala [IHà Tiên] itholakala ekungeneni komfula ongajulile, eGulf of Siam, enyakatho-nentshonalanga ogwini lwaseCochin-China, kanye ne-6km ukusuka emngceleni weCambodian. Inqaba yakudala yePhao Dai [Pháo Đài], cishe ibanga elingu-1km (manje siguqulwe saba yi-bungalow) yathathwa ngamabutho ama-Annamite namasosha aseFrance. Ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zesifunda, nokufinyeleleka kalula kuzo zonke izimoto. Endleleni eya eKampot, 3,5O0km ukusuka Isidala [I-Hà Tiên], iyidwala elikhulu elaziwa ngokuthi iBonnet a poil (iBusby). Isigaxa sawo sakhishwa edwaleni, futhi saphendulwa i-pagoda, ebizwa IChua Hang [Chùa Hang], noma I-Tien Son Tu [Tiên Sơn Tự]. Le grotto imvamisa kakhulu ngoba ilungile endleleni, futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhlonishwa okunikezwe ngumpristi omuhle owayephethe. Amakhilomitha amane ukusuka edolobhaneni elikhulu, kuya emngceleni weCambodia, idwala elikhulu, labizwa UMui Nai [Mũi Nai], aqonde olwandle. Indlu ekhanyayo enegama elifanayo yakhiwe engqungqutheleni yayo. Yize ugu lwase UMui Nai [I-M Nai Nai] yakhiwa ngesihlabathi esimnyama, imvamisa imvamisa ngenxa yokusondela kwayo edorobheni elikhulu, futhi ngenxa yesimo esihle somgwaqo oholela kuyo. Njengoba izindawo zamanzi eziseduzane nedolobha elikhulu zivela emithonjeni engenamuntu, abakhileyo Isidala [I-Hà Tiên] bekuyokuthola akunakwenzeka ukuhlala lapho, ukube amanzi amasha awatholakalanga ngekhono lomuntu. Eqinisweni, edolobheni elikhulu, ichibi elikhulu, elibizwa ngokuthi I-Ao Sen [Ao Sen], wemba ngonyaka we-1715 Mac Ku Uhulumeni [Mạc Cửu] ubekwe ngaphansi kwegquma. Leli chibi, noma isichibi, itshe lesikhumbuzo eliyisimangaliso kumuntu onekhono odumile waseChina, ligcwele izimvula eziza ngqo noma ngokungaqondile zivela emagqumeni, futhi zinikeza, phakathi nonyaka wonke, amanzi adingekayo okuphuza okuhlala kuwo. Ngasohlangothini lwalesi silondolozi kuyithempeli, kanti izithandani zibanjwa amahlandla ayisithupha ngonyaka ukuhlonipha umsunguli kanye nomzuzi wesifundazwe, ehlanganisa abathembekile besifunda. 5km ukusuka kudamu omkhulu, ubheke eningizimu, yisifunda I-Honchong [Hòn Chong]. Lesi sifunda sinogu oluhle, izindawo ezinhle ezithandekayo, nokubukeka okuhle, njengoba zinelukuluku njengoba zibalulekile, futhi zikufanele ukuvakashelwa. The I-Hang Tien [Hang Tiền] (imali), igama elikhumbula i-Annamitcs recollections yomlando, umhubhe omkhulu ovulekele ulwandle, futhi usike eceleni kwesixhumo samatshe esiseduzane nolwandle (25km ukusuka edolobhaneni elikhulu laseHatien [Hà Tiên]). Le grotto yake yasebenza njengesiphephelo kukhokho wobukhosi babukhosi bakwa-Israyeli Nguyen [Nguyễn], uMbusi Gialong [Gia Long], ngenkathi wayeyinkosana engeyinhlanhla, imbangi, eyayizingelwa ngab Amathayi [Tây Sơn]. Izinhlamvu zemali zakudala ze-zinc ebunjiwe ezatholakala, zithathwa kule nkosana, eyazenzela amasosha ayo, yingakho igama I-Hang Tien [Hang Tiền] (ubuningi bezinhlamvu zemali noma "ukheshi").
I-pagoda enegama eliphindwe kabili "IChua Hang"[Chùa Hang] no-"I-Hai Son Tu"[I-Hải Sơn Tự] kungenye indlela ebabazekayo esentabeni ephuma futhi yakha" slab "yezwe. Kuzo kunezithombe ezimbili ezithandekayo zakudala zeBhudda. Ngokusobala bamiswa amaCambodians, kodwa kunenganekwane ethi lo msebenzi wenziwa yinkosana ethile yamaSiamese, eyakhangwa ubuhle bendawo, emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambili.
Yagcotshwa yi-shrub kanye nokuhlangana kwezilwane zasendle, futhi yashiywa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-12 eyedlule, umpristi wakudala wase-Annamite Bhuddist wayikhipha endaweni yayo yasendle, wayenza indawo yokuhlala unomphela. I-pagoda ihanjelwa omunye umpristi wakudala wase-Annamite, oqhuba inkonzo amahlandla amane ngonyaka, eheha abahambi abaningi abathembekile. Zibanjwa ngoFebhuwari, Mashi, Agasti noNovemba. Le grotto-pagoda, 5km, evela kunxusa le I-Honchong [I-Hòn Chong], ifinyeleleka ngenqola nangemoto yemoto yezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezikhala zayo. Itholakala endaweni enhle kakhulu ogwini oluhle kakhulu lwesihlabathi segolide. Amatshe kaTvo, abizwa mhlonishwa Phu Tu [hòn Phu Tử] (ubaba nendodana) ezisolwandle, zisebenza njengezihenqo ezibheke empumalanga, futhi zifaka isandla ekwakhekeni, nge-grotto, itheku elincane elivikelekile lezezihlahla ezilandela ukuhweba ngasogwini lweGulf of Siam. Emaphethelweni e-ngakunye, 3km esendleleni esuka Isidala [Hà Tiên] ukuze I-Honchong [I-Hòn Chong], yi-Mo So grotto, efana naleyo eyenze ichibi lase-Along lagujwa kangako. Kufakwe amagagasi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, ngaphansi kwentaba yegama elifanayo, inamagumbi amathathu amakhulu anezindonga ezihlaselayo, futhi uphahla lwelinye lamagumbi liphezulu kakhulu, kangangokuba abantu abaqale babonwa ngokungazethembi.
Amagalari, amamitha angamakhulu ambalwa ubude, anqunyelwa emathunjini asentabeni, enza uhlobo lwelebhu, oluvuselela ilukuluku elinamandla. Akunakwenzeka ukungena kule mibukiso ngaphandle kokukhanya nesiqondisi, uma umuntu efisa ukugwema ukulahleka. Ingavakashelwa nge-pirogue encane (inkatha) ngenkathi yezimvula, nangezinyawo onyakeni owomile. Ekugcineni, ugu lwase I-Bai Dau [I-Bãi Dâu], ibizwa kanjalo-ngenxa yemithi kawoyela ekhula lapho, omunye wamaphethelo amahle eCochin-China. Amamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 ububanzi phakathi kolwandle nasemahlathini ahlala ehlathini, ubude obuyi-2km, enesihlabathi esihlanzekile kakhulu futhi siphuzi, libhekene nengwadla yobuhle obunqabile obakhiwe iziqhingi eziningi eziluhlaza ezifafazwe ngaphezulu kolwandle. Ngemuva kogu, umugqa wama-filaos uyayihlukanisa nomgwaqo wenqola ohamba phakathi nobude bawo, phansi kwentambo yamatshe amatshe aqinile I-Binh Tri [I-Bình Tr which] eyakha ugu olusezingeni elifanele, futhi engeza isizinda sobuhle basendle kodwa obunokuthula. Izinkonzo zezindlebe eziningana Isidala [Hà Tiên] nge I-Pnom Penh [Phôm Pênh] no I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc]. Izivakashi zingahamba futhi ngamanzi zisuka ku-Chaudoe ziye eHatien, noma zihambe olwandle olwandle oluse-Saigon-Bangkok oluma lapho I-Honchong [Hòn Chong], Isidala [Hà Tiên] no I-Phuquoc [Phú Quốc]. Imigwaqo yezindlebe yezimoto inensimbi yonke futhi igcinwe kahle phezulu. Isidala [I-Hà Tiên] ixhumene neKep, Kampot, I-Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], Thato no I-Pnom Penh [Phôm Pênh] byroads, futhi kulandela ukuthi eyodwa ean ehamba ngemoto endlebeni evela Isidala [Hà Tiên] ukuze Saigon [Sài Gòn], bese kuthi kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu eCochin-China.
UKUTHANDA NOKUXHUMA
Isifundazwe Isidala [IHà Tiên] inentaba futhi igcwele amahlathi, futhi ukuzingela kungalandelwa yonke indawo. Kepha umdlalo ugcwele kakhulu ezindaweni or I-Honchong [Hòn Chong] no UDuong Dong [Dương Đông] (I-Phuquoc [Phú Quốc]). Amaxhaphozi, izingulube zasendle, i-fallow-deer, izinyathi zasendle, izinkawu ezimnyama, ama hares, amahlosi, ama-panther njll. Kuhlangana emahlathini ase Isidala [Hà Tiên].
Ukuloba kuzungeze iziqhingi, kungaba ngemigqa noma ngamanetha. Iziqhingi ezakha iziqhingi ze I-Binh Tri [Bình Trị] nalaba I-Phuquoc [I-Phú Quốc] kuthiwa yiziindawo zokudoba ezinhle kakhulu.
Kukhona i-bungalow eyodwa ngaphakathi Isidala [Hà Tiên], edolobheni le-chiet e I-Phao Dai [Pháo Đài] (inamagumbi amane kuphela). Akukho gumbi lokuphumula endaweni yokuhlala noma lapho kudluliselwe khona. Ukuhlinzekwa kunzima ukukuthola ngenkathi uhamba. Kungcono ukuthi uphathe amalungiselelo abandayo lapho wenza uhambo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosuku olulodwa, futhi uma kubuywa kabusha, umuntu uhlala eqiniseka ngokuhlala nokudla eBungalow edolobheni le-chiet ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwe Isidala [I-Hà Tiên] isiqhingi esibalulekile I-Phuquoc [Phú Quốc], inkulu njengeMartinique (50.000 hectares), futhi idolobha layo i-chiet libizwa UDuong Dong [I-Dương Đông], isikhungo sokudoba esibalulekile, futhi esedume kulo lonke i-Indo-China ngisho neSiam, ngokwenza nomama [nước mắm]. I-Phuquoc [Phú Quốc] unikezwe iposti ye-TSF lapho UDuong Dong [Dương Đông]. Kufinyelelwa umgibeli oseMaurice Long, kodwa I-Phuquoc [UPhú Quốc] akanayo i-bungalow. Indlu yendawo ingaqashwa ngabahambi uma ifaka isicelo ngesikhathi esifanele kumphathi omkhulu wesifundazwe.
BAN TU THƯ
1 / 2020
QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.
IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ I-GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ I-THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ I-MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA