INKOLO NE-ARTS yesikhathi - ngekhulu le-15
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USolwazi TAN, HA VAN
Ngokuqina komphakathi kwabangu-15th ngekhulu, amasiko nezobuciko bakwazile ukuthuthukisa. The Lam Ndodana1 ukuvukela umbuso kanye nokukhululwa okwalandela kwezwe kwagqugquzela ukudala kwendalo Nguyen Trai's2 I-Binh Ngo Dai Cao (Isimemezelo Ngokunqotshwa kweMing). Lokhu kulandelwe ILer Ter Tan's3 I-Xuong Giang Phu (Ode kuya emfuleni iXuong - indawo yempi enkulu yokulwa neMing); Nguyen Mong Tuan's4 ILam Son Giai Khi Phu (Ode kumoya weSalutary weNtaba iLam Son) futhi Nghia Ky Phu (Ode kwi-Banner of Justice), kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi. Inkosi Le Thanh Tong5 ngokwakhe wathatha isihloko esifanayo kuye Phu Lam Ndodana.
Le Thanh Tong5, king-cum-imbongi, waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko. Wasungula UTao Dan6, iqembu lokufunda. La malungu angama-28 afaniswa nezinkanyezi ezingama-28 esibhakabhakeni, futhi kwathiwa yiwo owadala amaqoqo ezinkondlo amaningi. Izincwadi zakhiwa embhalweni waseVietnam obizwa ngokuthi nom7, kususelwa kuma-ideogram amaShayina. Iskripthi sisetshenziswe emisebenzini eminingi yezemibhalo emikhulu kubandakanya I-Quoc Am Thi Tap (Ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo ezilimini lukazwelonke) ngu Nguyen Trai 7 futhi I-Hong Duc Quoc Am Thi Tap, iqoqo lezinkondlo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu.
UbuConfucianism baba nethonya elinamandla, kwezokubhala nakwezobuciko. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, kwakakhiwa amathempeli namaBuddha ambalwa kuphela, kepha imizamo yagxiliswa eThang Long8 ukuhlonipha uConfucius, kwakhiwa ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu futhi kwakhiwa izindawo ezifanayo zakwamanye amazwe amaningi.
Amakhosi kaJehova Umbuso9 bonke babelangazelela ukwengeza ukwakhiwa okusha enhlokodolobha yezwe. Izigodlo ze UKinh Thien10, Ingabe uChinh11 futhi UVan Tho12 yayalwa ngu Le Loi13 ngo-1428. Lezi zihlanganiswa kamuva noHo Anh14, Ungahlala Isikhathi Eside15, Tucmg Quang16, UKim Loan17, Thuy Ngoc18 nezinye izakhiwo eziyinqwaba.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yedolobha kwaqhamuka amapulatifomu amakhulu. Phakathi kwabo uNam Giao19 no-Xa Tac20, lapho kwenziwa khona imicikilisho yenkolo njalo ukuhlonipha izulu, umhlaba. Iningi lemikhiqizo engu-15th Umdwebo wamakhulu eminyaka osasele namuhla uyizithombe zamatshe zokungcwaba abantu nezilwane. Imincane ngokuvamile, icekeceke futhi ayinayo imfanelo enhle, efana nokuphila ebukisa ngemifanekiso engaphansi kweLy kanye neDan tryn. Eminye imisebenzi ebaziwe, njengezindiza zezinyathelo zamatshe ezihlotshiswe ngamadragoni, zathatha umlingiswa oyisikhumbuzo ngokushesha nje lapho sezakhiwe. Ama-Dragons, njengalawo at UKinh Thien (Igumbi Lenkantolo) ku Inqaba ye-Ha Noi, ahluke ngokuphelele kulawo aqoshwe ngaphansi kwe Ly futhi I-Tran19. Zinamehlo aphuma lapho, izimpondo ezakhiwe ngemfoloko kanye namaphini abukhali e-dorsal, futhi zigxiliwe esimweni esisongelayo ngokwengeziwe, zaphakanyiswa kusengaphambili eyodwa yokubamba intshebe. Sengisho nje, Izidudla20 bheka njengokwamasiko ngakho-ke, kuqinile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Ceramics achuma ngaphansi kwe Umbuso. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukwethulwa kwe-glaze eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokuhlobisa - amafu, ama-dragons, ama-phoenixes, ama-chrysanthemums, ama-shrimps, izinkalankala, ama-lotus nezimbali zikalamula - zadwetshwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene ngemuva okumhlophe. Ukushaywa okuvelele kwesibindi kwehlathi kunikeze umphumela wokugcina ikhwalithi ephezulu yobuciko.
The 15,h ikhulu leminyaka laphawuleka ngokuhlukana okukhulu kwezobuciko. Enkantolo, belawulwa yimithetho eqinile futhi baba amasiko futhi babe stereotypical.
Ithonya le-Ming21 bezwakala ngamandla enkantolo. Okwamanje, ezokuzijabulisa ezidumile - thula (opera we-classical), me (opera ethandwayo) nomculo wesintu uqhubeke nokukhulisa abajwayelekile.
Inkantolo yenze umzamo ngamabomu wokunqanda ukuzijabulisa okudumile. Inkosi I-Le Thai Tong5 ngo-1437 kwavalwa chco kusukela Isi-Thai Mieu22, ithempeli elalinikezelwe kunqulo lwokhokho bakhe. Inkosi Le Nhan Tong23, ngesikhathi evakashele eLam Kinh ngonyaka ka-1448, wabingelelwa yiqembu lezinsizwa nezintokazi ezazenza umdanso obizwa ngokuthi URt Ren24 lapho belingisa khona ukukha izimbali bese bezifaka emigodleni. Phakathi nengxenye yomdanso iqembu kwesinye isikhathi lalinqamula imilenze futhi ngaleyo ndlela labekwa icala ngabanembi benkosi.
Naphezu kwayo yonke imithetho nemigomo, izindlela zokuzijabulisa ezithandwayo azithuthukisiwe.
AMANOTHI:
1 Lam Ndodana … Iyabuyekeza…
BAN TU THU
5. 2020
QAPHELA:
Umthombo: Ukwenziwa kweVietnam. Ha Van Tan. thegioipubumenes.vn, 2018. Image; wikimapia.org.
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