I-LA COCHINCHINE - Isingeniso

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I-Assoc. UProf. IHung Nguyen Manh I-PhD.

    ILa Cochinchine or Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ], isifunda esikhulu seSouth Viet Nam, kwakungomunye wemiklamo yezidumbu zaseFrance ezazisendleleni lapho ukunqotshwa kwabo ngasekupheleni kwe-19^th ikhulu leminyaka. Leli gama elihlanganisiwe liqukethe izinto ezimbili: Cochin or Cocin liqokiwe Chaochi (uViet Nam wasendulo) futhi China isuselwe kwi Qiniso (uhlu lwamakhosi e-China phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yempi) kubonisa indawo yayo ehlangana neChina. Kodwa, enye i-hypothesis ithi leli gama I-Cochin, i-tributary yomfula iMekong (noma i-Kohchin noma i-Cửu Long), eyindiza yadlula Thuy Chan Lap [I-Thuỷ Chân Lạp] (Amanzi u-Chenla) nokuthi kuphi Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] abahlali.

    Ku-15^th Ikhulu leminyaka, abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu abahamba olwandle babengema eMekong delta ukuze bathenge ukudla namanzi amasha. Kungashiwo lokho Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] kwakuwuhlobo lwe- “Silk Road"Emifuleni, ilungele kakhulu ukuthengiselana ngentengiso yasemanzini. Abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu bayibiza kanjalo Chochi or Cochin ukuyihlukanisa kusukela ku-Cochin eNdiya.

    Esikhathini esithile emlandweni weViet Nam, I-Cochinchine yayisetshenziselwa ukuqamba Dang Trong [Đàng Trong], futhi Tonkin ngoba Dang Ngoai [Đàng Ngoài]. Okwamanje, Viet Nam [Việt Nam], Laos futhi Cambodia aqokwe ngaphansi kwegama elihlanganisiwe lika- “Indochina”. Leli gama lidale ukudideka ekuboneni kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe ngeMpumalanga Ekude lapho beklama inkambo yabo yokuphuma ngoba kubhekiselwa eNdiya naseChina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bokufika babezibuza ukuthi kungani uViet Nam ehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: Dang Trong [Đàng Trong] futhi Dang Ngoai [Đàng Ngoài] nesifunda esiphakathi kwabo, lapho kwakukhona inhloko-dolobha ye-roy'al Nam [Nam]. Ngaphansi kokubuswa yiFrance, baqanjwa amagama I-Bac Ky [I-Bắc Kỳ], Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] futhi UTrung Ky [I-Trung Kỳ] ngokulandelana.

    Ngisho Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ], isifunda esibhekene nezinkinga eziningi zezepolitiki, sibizwe ngendlela ehlukile emlandweni: Gia Dinh [Gia Định] (1779-1832); Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] (1834-1945); Nam Bo [UNam Bộ] (1945-1948); Nam Phan [UNam Phần] (1948-1956); Nam Viet [Nam Việt] noma UMien Nam [UMiền Nam] (1956-1975); noma Phuong Nam [Eseningizimu] esifundeni njengamanje.

    Le ncwadi enesihloko ILa Cochinchine ichaza umlando, ezomnotho, amasiko kanye nezokuvakasha komhlaba omkhulu ezweni Cửu Long delta yomfula noma aqanjwe ngenye indlela UNam Ky Luc Tinh [I-Nam Kỳ Lục Tỉnh]. Ekuqaleni kuka-20^th ikhulu leminyaka; Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] waba yikholoni laseFrance futhi labuswa yi-Governor D. Cognacq. Igama lakhe livela kwisembozo sencwadi njengobufakazi bokubaluleka kwamanani amasiko ale ncwadi uqobo.

     Incwadi iqala ngenkulumo eyenziwe nguMbusi Omkhulu wase-Indochina U-Alexandre Varenne ku 11^th Ngo-Okthoba 1925 eSt-Gervais. Le ndoda ibukwa yingxenye yesazi saseFrance ngaleso sikhathi njengesazi sezepolitiki esithanda ezenhlalo. Le nkulumo ibukeka ingenisa isibonelo sokuphathwa kabi kwabantu ngenxa yokuthi yenze le ncwadi ifinyeleleke kakhulu embuthanweni wezepolitiki eParis kunokuba ithi Viet Nam [Việt Nam].

    Kodwa, le ncwadi ayinayo imininingwane mayelana nombhali, UMarcel Bemanose (1884-1952). Kusukela ezinqolobaneni, sithole ukuthi wayeyisikhulu, umeluleki wezamasiko kubabusi abaningi be Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] kanye nababusi General of Indochina, futhi washiya ezinye izincwadi zokucwaninga ku-Indochina.

    Kufanele futhi sikhulume nge-Photo Nadal-Saigon [Sài Gòn], umzingeli womlando wase-Indochinese, ozithombe zakhe zenze le ncwadi yangumlando wesithombe Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ].

    ILa Cochinchine Ishicilelwe okokuqala yi-Photo Nadal House e-1925 nge-printer-run of 400 amakhophi ezinombolo. Ikhophi esilisebenzisa kulolu hlobo libhalwe ukuthi angama-319 futhi lifaka ukuqoshwa kwe-436 yethusi okwenziwe yiNdlu efanayo.

    Naphezu kwezingqinamba eminyakeni edlule ye-100, incwadi ILa Cochinchine ligcinwe njengememento emndenini wesazi Trương Ngọc Tường kusuka kuCai Lậy, uTiền Giang. Manje isiphinde yashicilelwa yi Kudala & Cha (Okwedlule Namanje) Magazine kanye Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli bezilimi zaseFrance nezesiNgisi ngesakhiwo sakuqala, bangezwe ngokuhunyushwa kweVietnam. Abafundayo bazothola izikhumbuzo zayo zokuqala zaku-20^th ikoloni yekhulu Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] isifunda.

    Kungumsebenzi omkhulu kimi ukwethula le ncwadi kubafundi ngesicelo sika Kudala & Cha Umagazini.

QAPHELA:
Umthombo: LA COCHINCHINE - Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.