I-BEN TRE - I-Cochinchina
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UMARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. I-Physical Geography
ISITUATION
Isifundazwe I-Bentre [UBến Tre] yakheka iziqhingi ezimbili: isiqhingi saseMinh, esakhiwe phakathi kwe I-Co Chien [Cổ Chiên] kanye I-Hamluong [I-Hàm Luông] imifula, ingxenye esenyakatho okungokwayo I-Vinhlong [UVinh Long], nesiqhingi saseBao, phakathi kwe I-Hamluong [I-Hàm Luông] kanye UBalai [Ba Layi]. Iboshwe enyakatho nasenyakatho-nasempumalanga mytho [UMỹ Tho], entshonalanga ngo I-Vinhlong [UVinh Long], eningizimu-ntshonalanga nge Travinh [UTrà Vinh], naseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga ngasempumalanga ye-East Sea Inhlabathi yesifundazwe yakhiwa ngokufakwa kwamagatsha amathathu omfula Mekong [UMê Kông] ogeleza esifundazweni uya oLwandle i-East, nesihlabathi esigcotshwa wukugibela okuphezulu ngesikhathi esenyakatho nasempumalanga UMonsson. Kukhona ukulandelana kwenhlabathi ephansi yamanga eyakhiwe yi-slime eqoqiwe kanye nama-giongs anesihlabathi, izindunduma zangaphambili zesanti. Amabhange asemigqonyeni, aphakeme kunamathafa, ambozwe izingadi, eziningi zazo ziqukethe amasimu esihlahla sikakhokho, futhi zingaphezulu kwezikhukhula. Ezintabeni ezintathu ezinkulu zomfula, I-Co Chien [Cổ Chiên], I-Hamluong [I-Hàm Luông] kanye UBalai [Ba Layi] ogeleza esifundazweni usuka enyakatho uye eningizimu emigqeni ecishe ifane, imifudlana eminingi emincane nemisele yemigwaqo isusiwe, futhi yizinto ezibalulekile empilweni nokuzala kwaleli lizwe. Indawo ephelele kakhulu ingamahektare angama-170.000, enabantu abangama-257.216.
Iindlela zokuxhumana
Njengakuyo yonke indawo ku I-Cochin-China, imifula yakha ngezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuhamba. Ukusakaza okubaluleke kakhulu ku- Isiqhingi saseBao, kusukela enyakatho, yile:
- The ISoc Sai i-rach [rạch Sóc Soài], noma usakaze;
- The I-Bentre [UBến Tre] umfula, owawubizwa ngokuthi i-rach Isikhathi Eside Sami [rạch Mỹ Long] okukhona kuyo idolobha elikhulu lesifundazwe. Ungomunye wemifula ebaluleke kakhulu, enemifudlana eminingi eseceleni ephelela edolobhaneni I-Huong Diem [Hương Điềm], maphakathi nesiqhingi;
- The UNdodana Doc [I-Sơn Đốc] ukusakaza;
- The UCai Bong [Cái Bong] ukusakaza, ngomphakathi wawo wamaKristu;
- The UBatri i-rach [uBa Tri], okuyindlela eya emakethe ye UBatri [Ba Tri], ebaluleke kakhulu eningizimu yesiqhingi. Yonke le imifudlana igeleza kuyo I-Hamluong [I-Hàm Luông] umfula.
Esiqhingini saseMini kukhona, enyakatho:
- The UCaimon [Cái Mơn] ukusakazwa, ukunqamula ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamabhange ezivande ezivundile, okwakha isikhungo somphakathi omkhulu futhi ocebile wamaKristu;
- The UMocay [UMỏ Cày] umdweshu, okukhona kuwo idolobha elikhulu le UMocay [UMỏ Cày] ukwahlukaniswa, futhi okungezinye zezimakethe ezinkulu kakhulu zesiqhingi;
- The UCai Quao [I-Cái Quao] ukusakaza;
- The ITan Hung [UTân Hưng] ukusakaza;
- The UGiong Luong [UGiồng Luông] ukusakaza;
- The I-Bang Cung [I-Bàng Cung] ukusakaza. Le mifula eyisithupha nayo igelezela ngaphakathi ku I-Hamluong [I-Hàm Luông]. Okokugcina, Cai Chat [I-Cái Chạt] ogeleza ohlangothini lwe I-Co Chien [Cổ Chiên] ibanga elide futhi ekugcineni ujoyine lowo mfula. Lolu hlelo lwemigwaqo lwamanzi lukhulisiwe ngemisele ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezentengiso nezolimo.
II. I-Economic Geography
UKUHLOLA
Isifundazwe I-Bentre [UBến Tre] ifinyelele ekuthuthukisweni kwayo ngokuphelele kwezomnotho Cishe noma yimuphi umhlaba osele ongakhiqizi. Endaweni yayo esezingeni eliphakeme yamahektha ayi-154.000, ama-90.000 asetshenziselwa ukutshala irayisi, ibhalansi ihlukaniswe izingadi, amasimu we-cocoa-nati kanye ne-giong ngaphansi kokutshala okuhlukahlukene, kubhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu kwesibili. Ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwelayisi kuthathwa ngamathani ayi-150.000. Amahlathi we-cocoa-nati ahlala amahektha omhlaba angama-4.000 futhi akhiqize amathani angama-6.000 we-Copra. Amanye amahlathi atshala ama-mangoustans, amawolintshi, ama-mandarin, izihlahla ze-sapota betel nati, ama-ascas, umoba njll., Futhi ethatha amahektha ayi-2.000 omhlaba. Izithelo ezikhule ku UCai Mon [Cái Mơn] idume ngekhwalithi yayo nangobuningi bayo. UCai Mon [Cái Mơn] inomphakathi omkhulu wamaKristu futhi ochumayo.
INDAWO
- Ugesi usebenza kaM. LABBE, ohlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo wokukhanyisa idolobha I-Bentre [UBến Tre];
- I-distillery yokususa utshwala elayisi, okulenkampani yaseChina;
- Amasimu weTvo wezitini nezinsimbi eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi ezingezaseShayina;
- I-Seventynine dye-works, iqondiswa ama-Annamites futhi idume kakhulu ezifundazweni ezingomakhelwane. Bangaphezu kuka-300 imindeni yabomdabu emakhunjini UBatri [Ba Tri] futhi I-Minh Tri [Minh Trị] bazisekele ngokuloba, olwandle nasemilanjeni yemifula UBalai [Ba Layi], I-Hamluong [I-Hàm Luông] futhi I-Co Chien [Cổ Chiên]. Ukuthumela ngonyaka Saigon [Sài Gòn] futhi I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] ingaba ngu-100.000kg yama-shrimps owomile kanye nemifoloko, i-20.000kg yezinhlanzi ezincane ezisetshenziselwa umquba nezinhlanzi ezomisiwe ezingama-2.000;
- Izitolo ezincane zemidwebo yobucwebecwebe zikhona yonke indawo, futhi cishe nezimboni eziyishumi zamatende; 6. Imboni kasilika ikakhulukazi esifundeni UBatri [Ba Tri], lapho kukhona cishe abakhiqizi besilika abacishe babe ngama-200, kanye nama-8 looms ohlelweni lwaseFrance, kanye nama-looms angama-90 omdabu, futhi ama-spinneries ayi-9 ohlelweni lwaseFrance, nama-70 ohlelo lwe-Annamite. Le mboni kungenzeka ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, njengoba abaphathi bebelokhu beyisiza futhi beyikhuthaza kusukela ngonyaka owedlule. I-nursery silk w orm i-nursery isivele ibekiwe ekhephini lika I-Bao An [I-Bảo An], futhi izobe isebenza ukuze iqale ukulethwa lapho imishini edingekayo.
UKUQALA
Ukuthengiswa kuphela okuqukethe i-paddy ne-Copra. Bathengiswa lapho lapho abathengisi baseShayina nakuma-Annamite ambalwa, ababadlulisa Saigon [Sài Gòn] futhi I-Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn]. Siyethemba ukuthi i-syndicat yezolimo izothatha leli bhizinisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela inikeze amandla ama-Annamite ukuthi azihlukanise nabalameli baseChina abanenkinga.
AMAZWE
Kuyafana ezifundazweni eziningi zasentshonalanga, I-Bentre [UBến Tre] yakhelwa ama-giongs namathafa amakhulu erayisi, futhi akanabo ubuhle bemvelo obuthakazelayo isihambi.
BAN TU THƯ
4 / 2020
QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.
IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ I-GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ I-THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ I-MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA