IPharele YaseMpumalanga Ekude - IZITHUTHUKO EZIQHELEKILE (Ingxenye 1)

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TRUC NGUYEN PHAN Son
TUYET PHAN WAM

       Ngokuqaphela izinyathelo zeFossilized ohambweni lwaseNingizimu, olushiye isitembu sabo ezweni laseSaigon Gia Dinh - kufanele sikhulume ngabantu baseVietnam ababehlala emaphandleni aseVietnam (P.1) isuka eNyakatho iye eCentral. Babelethe isiqu sokuxazulula njengomdwebo womgwaqo okhona osishiyelwe amaFranceP.2) - Laba bantu bathwala izingane zabo bebeka izinyathelo zabo ohambweni olubheke eningizimu ezindleleni zamatshe.

        Lezi zinyathelo zawo wonke amalungu abephethe izingane zawo ethwele ehlombe futhi enza ibhizinisi elinciphisayo, ukugunda izinwele noma ukuthatha i-ear-wax (P.3) eceleni komgwaqo kusuka ezindlebeni zabantu (P.4 no-P.5) noma ukuma isikhashana emi, uhleli njalo uhola “indlela yokuphila enobungozi”. (P.6)

      Imigqa yabafuduki ababengabantu abavamile abahamba ngezinyawo ezingenalutho, noma babengabantu abahlonishwayo abathwalwa izando ngamapholiji. (P.7)

     Ngale kwalawa makharavani abantu kwakukhona abantwana bakwa-An Nam (P.8) ngaleso sikhathi ababehamba nabazali babo kanye nogogo nomkhulu ukuba balandele ezinyathelweni zeSouthward.

  Phakathi kweqembu labantu baseSouthward abangagcinanga nje ngokunqamula emagqumeni noma eziNtabeni zakwaTrong Son, bekukhona abantu ababehamba ngezikebhe zabo ukuwela imifula, imifudlana (P.9) ukuze uthuthele ku-Thanh Hoa¹ (e 934) ngemuva kokweqa emajokeni amaShayina; baqhubeke nokusuka eSouth-wadi kusuka eThuan Hoa (e 1425, Quy Nhon (e 1471, Phu Yen (e 1611, Nha Trang (e 1653), Isifunda seChan Lap (e 1658), Đong Nai (e 1680), UPhan Thiet (e 1693).

        Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, lezi zinyathelo zehlela phansi ezweni laseBien Hoa naseGia Dinh, okusho ukuthi, iSaigon, isikebhe, ukuze iqhubeke iye ezansi ezifundeni ezibizwa ngokuthi Izifundazwe Eziyisithupha. Umlando uqophe kanjena:

        Ngonyaka we-1698, Nguyen Huu Canh uye eningizimu ukuyovakasha ukuyohlola. Wabona ukuthi lo mhlaba wawuthuthukiselwe izinkulungwane zamamayela futhi abantu benyuka Imizi engama-40.000. Wasungula Isifundazwe saseGia Dinh ukubusa Izifunda ezingama-2:

        I-Phuoc Long (manje sekuyiBien Hoa) futhi UTan Binh (manje sekuyiSaigon). Lokhu Indawo yaseSaigon kusuka ku UMfula iSaigon kuya IVam Co Dong River.

       Futhi ngokomlando, Mac Ku, umphathi-mkhosi wamakhosi akwa-Ming wabalekela eVietnam ngonyaka we-1708. Wanikela Ha Tien indawo yeNkosi yamaNguyen. Okulandelayo kwaba yimicimbi yonyaka we-1732 lapho kusungulwa iNguyen Lord Isifundazwe saseDinh Vien bese yakhiwa Isifundazwe iLong Ho (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nguVinh Long). Ngo-1756, Isifunda saseTrong Don yasungulwa kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaxazululwa eLong Ho (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nguDinh Tuong). Ngo-1757, UDong Khau, uTan Chau, noChau Doc kwasungulwa izifundazwe. Kusukela lapho, sonke isifunda eseningizimu sase siqediwe ngokuhamba kweNingizimu.

       Mayelana ne Gia Dinh umhlaba obizwa ngeSifundazwe, obekubandakanya izifunda njengoba sazi: 1. IPhien Tran District (Saigon); 2. Isifunda saseTran Bien (Bien Hoa); 3. I-Dinh Tuong Post (UDinh Tuong); 4. Isifundazwe iLong Ho (UVinh Long, An Giang); 5. Isifundazwe saseHa Tien.

       Ngokomlando, bekukhona ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kwe Nguyen Nkosi futhi Tay Son ibutho lempi. Ekugcineni, umndeni wakwaNguyen wawusuthathe wonke umhlaba oseningizimu kubandakanya iGia Dinh. Thatha ithuba lomcimbi lapho u-Tay Son egxile ekulweni ne I-Qing abahlaseli eNyakatho nokusungula ama-oda asenyakatho, uNguyen Anh uthathe iSaigon futhi wakha izinqaba zokuvikela iTay Son ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

     Howerver, umlando usitshele nokuthi phambilini bekukhona ukunyakaza ngaseningizimu okwagcina ngakho Iminyaka engamakhulu ayisikhombisa kusukela ngekhulu le-11 kuya kwele-18. Kusuka lapho, Insimu yaseVietnam wanwetshwa futhi waba khona kuze kube namuhla. Kuqhamuke muphi umqondo ukuze izimo ziguqulwe ukwandisa umngcele njengoba kushiwo ngenhla? Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngenxa yesitatimende: "I-corirella engafani nxazonke ingahle ibe yindawo yokuzalela engapheli" (okungukuthi. Intaba yaseHoanh Range ingasebenza njengendawo ephephile yaphakade). Lesi sitatimende kwaba impendulo ngu Nguyen Binh Khiem nini INkosi Nguyen Hoang ekuphelelweni yithemba kwakhe weza ezokucela izeluleko zakhe (ukucindezelwa nokuncishwa wonke amandla nguTrinh Kiem). Kusukela lapho, Lord Nguyen Hoang waqala ezinyathelweni zakhe ngaseningizimu ukuze izingane zakhe ezinkulu zithole ifa lesifunda esinokuthula.

"Umgibeli Wokuphakama Komgwaqo" - I-Ogre Yezikhwama Ezintathu

       Enhlanganweni yenqubo yomlando, eziningi izinsalela zezinyawo ushiywe isikhathi. Phakathi kwalokhu, ngokusho kwemithombo ebhaliwe, Ama-Ogre amathathu-IsikhwamaImibhalo emikhulu yezinyawo ibonakale kahle. Ubehambe lonke uhhafu wohambo lwaleli zwe esuka eCentral aye eNingizimu.

       The Ama-Ogre amathathu-Isikhwama yayimile isikhashana ezweni laseSaigon kubukeka sengathi iqoqa imbewu enhle uma iqhathaniswa namaparele abese efakwa ezikhwameni ezintathu-ezifanekisela “obhasikidi abathathu abanzi bokusanhlamvu”- the Ama-Ogre amathathu-Isikhwama wasebenzisa lo mlingisi wembewu ukutshala emasimini amakhulu Izifundazwe Eziyisithupha yendawo eseNingizimu.

      Muva nje, i-athikili ekhuluma ngokushiswa kwe Isela Mu Pagoda² esho umlando we-Hue Buddhism wayephawulile, “Wayenza i-Ascetic Practices, ezulazula ezigodini ecela ukudla; wayejwayele ukuthwala amahlombe akhe izikhwama ezintathu: esisodwa esasiphethe ukudla okungeyona imifino okunikezelwe ngabantu, okwakwamukela kamuva bese kukunika abampofu; owesibili uqukethe ukudla kwabangadli imifino okusebenza njengokudla kwakhe; eyesithathu enkulu kunazo zonke, ilenga onqenqemeni lwophahla lwama-pagoda yayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala ebusuku. ”

       Nakulokhu futhi, isihloko esilandelayo esithi: The Ama-Ogre amathathu-Isikhwama njengoba bonze ephakeme UTrung Dinh³, umbhali wayo, ohambweni lwakhe lwensimu nxazonke IHue Citadel, wayephawule wathi: “… I-Ogre enezikhwama ezinomusa futhi enobudlova yayithandwa abantu, ikakhulukazi izingane, ngoba yayijwayele ukubanika ikhekhe, idlale nabo futhi ibanakekele… Wayeyindela enenhlonipho futhi eziphatha kahle. Intshebe yakhe ehlathini kanye nokuphatha kwakhe izikhwama eziningana kwamenza wabukeka enolaka futhi abantu basebenzisa isithombe sakhe ukusongela izingane.

        Ikakhulu, at Isigodi SaseCuu, umqoqi unikeze imininingwane ethe xaxa: “…I-Dai Cang Shrine - indawo engaphezu kwemvelo… lapho kwakukhona indoda ethwele izikhwama ezintathu; wayevame ukucela ukudla; lapho kufika ubusuku, wabuyela ethempelini ukuyolala. Ekufikeni kwakhe, izingane zazivame ukumnamathela zidlale naye… Wayezifaka nasezikhwameni zakhe azithwale azungeze. Wonke umuntu wayemthanda.

        Umthombo wolwazi onjalo womlando ubumnandi kakhulu! Kodwa-ke, uMnu. Ama-Ogre Amathathu Amathathu Ube nobunye ubuntu obumangalisa ngokwengeziwe, okusho ukuthi, wayene-i-folklore”Impilo ngokuhambisana nesisusa esingajwayelekile - okomhlaba nobudlabha! Yize kunjalo ujwayelene nempilo entsha yabantu base Izifundazwe Eziyisithupha Zomhlaba OseNingizimu. UMnu. UHenry Oger, umcwaningi waseMpumalanga wayefanekise lo muntu emdwebeni wakhe ophilayo kanye nokwakheka kwesibili. The Izikhwama ezintathu-Ogre kwavela njengomuntu odumile owahamba ngobudlelwano obusondelene nomlando weViet Nam ukusuka eSouth kuya eNyakatho.

        The Izikhwama ezintathu-Ogre sengibe “unkulunkulu-isigamu, umuntu-isigamu”; kephaeyodwa"Ingxenye ingaphezulu noma ingaphansi kwe"uDeveli"Uhlamvu Lokho kusho ukuthi: phakathi “indoda yangempela"Futhi"usathane wangempela"Futhi"umoya ongcwele"Kuchazwe umngcele.

… Iyaqhubeka…

BUKA OKUNINGI:

◊  IPharele YaseMpumalanga Ekude - IZITHUTHUKO EZIQHELEKILE (Ingxenye 2)

QAPHELA:

1. After Vuong Hong Sen - Ancient Saigon - Dong Nai Publishing House 2004 - ikhasi 60 - 61.

2. Ngemuva kwe-Thai Loc- Ukushiswa kukaTien Mu Pagoda (Isiqephu 1) I-Tuoi Tre NgeSonto 7/8/2016 (Ikhasi 13). 

3. Ngokusho kukaMnumzana Thai Loc, "UMnu Bugbear nguTrung Dinh Monk", (United ekugcineni), Intsha, yomhla ka-10-8-2016.

ISAZISO ESENGEZIWE:

4.Gaston Bonnet (1867-1908), IsiFulentshi, Intatheli - Kufakwe ku "I-Petit Dauphinois","kusihlwa"Futhi wayengumbhali wezempi we"Isikhathi"- UK Knight weLegion of Honor (Umthombo: Bibliothèque National de France - bnf.fr).

Izinhlamvu ezigqamile, ezibhalwe ngomalukeke nezinemibala zisethwe nguBan Tu Thu.

◊ Umdwebo 1, 2 - Umthombo: ISaigon - IParele LaseMpumalanga Ekude - UHUNG NGUYEN MANH, USolwazi oDidiyelwe oDokotela Wezomlando - U-TRUC NGUYEN PHAN SON.

Image Isithombe esifakiwe - Umthombo: AF Decoly - Alexandre Francis Decoly -

UMnu.Decoly uqoqa izinqola zeposi futhi ashicilele izithombe - ezimnyama nezimhlophe nemibala - eSaigon kusuka ngo-1905 kuya ku-1924 kodwa akayena umthwebuli wezithombe kodwa ungusomabhizinisi kuphela. Isithombe sezingqimba zezinqola zikaMnu. Decoly ezinophawu lwe-pagoda encane ekhoneni yinkampani kaMnu. Decoly, bese uphawu lombhoshongo wethempeli luba wuphawu lwentengiso lwe- “Edition La Pagode Saigon”. Ngokwe-1910 Indochina Yearbook, uDecoly wayehlala e-36 Legrand de la Liraye, “Decoly, employé de commerce” (manje Dien Bien Phu umgwaqo) - Umthombo: hiepblog.wordpress.com - Nguyen Duc Hiep, Scientist Atmospheric, Office of Environment & Heritage, NSW, Australia.

BAN TU THU
10 / 2019