Isikripthi sedemokhrasi ye-NÔM
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"I-Chữ Nôm, ungowasendulo Isikripthi sendabuko sendabuko yolimi lwaseVietnam. Ngemuva kokuzibusa kwaseVietnam kusuka eChina ngo-939 CE, chữ Nôm, umbhalo ohlonishwayo omelela inkulumo yaseVietnam, waba umbhalo wezwe. Eminyakeni engu-1000 eyalandela — kusukela ngekhulu le-10 kuya kwele-20 — kwabhalwa izincwadi eziningi zaseVietnam, ifilosofi, umlando, umthetho, ezokwelapha, inkolo kanye nenqubomgomo kahulumeni Isikripthi se-Nôm. Ngesikhathi seminyaka engama-24 Amakhosi weTây-Sơn (1788-1802), yonke imibhalo yezokuphatha ibhaliwe ku I-Chữ Nôm. Ngamanye amagama, cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane yomlando wamasiko waseVietnam alotshwe kulolu hlelo oluyingqayizivele.
Leli fa selicishe lalahleka. Ngokufika kwekhulu le-17 le-quốc ngữ - umbhalo wesimanje wendlela yamaRoma—Ukufunda nokubhala kancane kancane wafa. Uhulumeni wamakoloni waseFrance wanquma ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Namuhla, zingaphansi kwekhulu izazi emhlabeni wonke ezikwazi ukufunda INôm. Umlando omningi obhaliwe weViệt Nam, empeleni, awutholakali kubantu abakhuluma lolu limi abayizigidi ezingama-80. ”1
"I-Chữ Nôm (𡨸 喃, IPA: [cɨ̌ˀ nom], "izinhlamvu zaseningizimu"),2 ezikhathini zangaphambili nazo zibizwa I-Chữ Nam (𡨸 南) noma Quốc Âm (“,”Umsindo kazwelonke"), Uhlelo lokubhala lwe-logographic phambilini ebelusetshenziswa ukubhala ifayili le- Ulimi lwesi-Vietnamese. Isebenzise isethi ejwayelekile ye-classical Izinhlamvu zamaShayina ukumela I-Sino-Vietnamese ulwazimagama namanye amagama endabuko aseVietnam, ngenkathi izinhlamvu ezintsha zakhiwa kumodeli waseChina ukumela amanye amagama.3
Yize ukubhala okwenziwa ngokusemthethweni eVietnam kwenziwa ngesiShayina sakudala,4 kuze kube ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 (ngaphandle kokuxhumana okufishane nje), chữ Nôm yayisetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwekhulu le-15 nele-19 ngamabutho aphakeme aseVietnam, kubandakanya nabesifazane, emisebenzini edumile, eminingi evesini. Enye yezingcezu ezaziwa kakhulu zezincwadi zesiVietnam, IThale laseKiều, yaqanjwa phakathi chữ Nôm.
Ngo-1920s, izinhlamvu zama-Vietnamese ezazisuselwa eLatini ezakhiwa izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaJesuit zasuswa ezweni chữ Nôm njengendlela ekhethiwe yokuqopha iVietnam. Ngenkathi Izinhlamvu zikaHan zisasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa, umlando kanye nenani lemikhosi futhi njengezimpawu zenhlanhla, Izinhlamvu ze-Nôm ziwele ekusetshenzisweni komunye umsebenzi eVietnam yanamuhla ngokuthanda izinhlamvu zamagama. Umsebenzi wokugcina nokutadisha imibhalo yaseVietnam ebhalwe ku INôm (kodwa futhi nemibhalo yasendulo yesiShayina yaseVietnam) Kwenziwa i Isikhungo Sezifundo ze-DRMn-Nôm eHanoi. ”5
… Iyabuyekeza…
QAPHELA:
1 Umthombo: IVietnam Nom Preservation Foundation.
2 Nguyễn, Khuê (2009). Chữ Nôm: cơ sở và nang cao. IHo Chi Minh City National University Publishing House. k. 5.
3 "Chữ-nôm iskripthi". I-Omniglot.
4 Nguyễn, Tri Tài (2002). Giáo trình tiếng DRMn. I-Tập I: Cơ sở. IHo Chi Minh City National University Publishing House. k. 5.
5 Source: I-Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
BAN TU THƯ
02 / 2020