IHanoi - Amakhadikhadi - AMAGUGU AGCINISIWE - Amagama ayimfihlo
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By USolwazi Assoc. IHUNG NGUYEN MANH1
IHanoi, iThen Thang Yasendulo - idolobha elidala, manje manje seliye laba lesimanje. Iyona yodwa eziyinkulungwane - umlando omude "wamasiko" kungenzeka ukuthi zigcinwe eminyuziyamu ngenxa yomzamo wamagatsha wezinto zakudala, wezamasiko nezomlando ukuze zigcinwe njengezakhi zengqondo. Kodwa-ke, kuyacaca ukuthi ngenxa yokulondolozwa kwamakhadi eposi, isiqu sezikhumbuzo kanye nemigwaqo engaphezulu iminyaka eyikhulu kaHanoi, ibe khona njengezithako ezingezona ezibonakalayo, ngokuya ngendlela inhlangano yezamasiko yamazwe ngamazwe ekubiza ngayo. Ziyizithombe zefossilised zeminyaka yekhulu leminyaka edlule-yamasiko we Amakoloni amaFrance in Vietnam. Ngaleso sikhathi lapho ikhamera yaba khona, izithombe ezisele, ziveze imicabango ejulile ngokugeleza komlando wesintu… Kusukela ngesikhathi Columbus, i-15th ngekhulu, kwaba lapho i-Latin America kwatholakala, okwavula indlela yokuthuthuka kwempucuko ebonakalayo esekwe ezweni elicebile elinemithombo yemvelo. Lo mcimbi ubuphefumulele abahloli bamazwe, izithunywa zevangeli, futhi Amasosha aseYurophu Amandla okuhambela… Bonke baqhubekela phambili kwabanganakiwe izwe lase-Eshiya. Banaka Vietnam njengoba ipulatifomu yokungena China China ukuphupha ukwakha amakoloni aqinile futhi amahle emoyeni wokuthuthuka ngokusebenzisa amandla amabutho ukuhlala, ukubusa izindawo eziningi emhlabeni. Konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, Vietnam kanye Hanoi, Saigon ku Indawo ye-Indochinese bekade kugxilwe esitayeleni se-neo-colonialist.
Eqinisweni, i Abantu baseVietnam ngikujabulele impilo yempucuko ngemodi yasentshonalanga njengoba nje umbhali we- “Amasheya amasiko nangemva kwalokho imiphumela yamakoloni amaFrance eVietnam”Wayeshilo. Ngemuva kokuchitheka kwegazi okuningi nezizukulwane eziningi Abantu baseVietnam waba nomthelela enkazimulweni yomlando yomzabalazo wenkululeko yezwe. The Abantu baseVietnam babethole lokho amasiko ezibonakalayo kanye nempucuko evela French wayesishiyile!
Ngemuva kokuzwa othile ebizwa ngokuthi Igama likaHanoi, Nginombono wokuthi yi-echo evela endulo kakhulu - eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule, kepha empeleni lelo gama lalivela ngokusemthethweni ku Inkantolo yaseHue (ngokwesimemezelo sango-Okthoba 1st, 1888 we-Dong Khanh iNkantolo) ukuthi indawo engcwele yanikelwa ku French. Akucacanga ukuthi Umongameli waseFrance besususelwa ngasiphi isizathu esithile ukuze kukhishwe isimemezelo sokumiswa kwalelo gama (July 19,1888) ukuze uthathe lokhu Thang Mdala futhi wayiguqula yaba yindawo yokuqashisa (Julayi, 19, 1888). Ngezinga lempucuko elitholakala kanye nomoya wasendulo wothando, i- French ngesikhathi sokubusa babegcine amagama endabuko emigwaqweni kodwa la ayesehunyushelwe kuwo French. Kodwa-ke, amanye amagama aguqulwa aba amagama amasha, njengokuthi URue General de Beylite2 ukumiselela Banana Street2, UCobanere2 ukumiselela Umgwaqo wepeni2, URue Jean Dupuis2ukumiselela UMat Street2.
Lapho French bakha imigwaqo esentshonalanga nezindawo ezintsha zokuhlala, babefake amagama ojenene, amagama ezikhulu ezibusayo, zazo inqwaba yezincwadi ezazisaqhubeka nokuchaza ngokuziphatha kwazo ngesikhathi zihlasela ingxenye esenyakatho ye izwe kaPaul Doumer3, umbhali wencwadi nebhuloho, igama lalo eliqanjwe ngaye - the IDoumer Bridge. Abahlala emadolobheni baseHanoi kusukela ngosuku lokuzalwa kwabo kuze kube sekufeni kwabo kumele ukuthi bebelokhu beqe leli bhuloho okungenani kanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho i French futhi kwaqanjwa amagama amaningi wohlelo lokuhamba: empambana (ukuzungeza), isiteshi (Isiteshi sesitimela), I-Autorail (isitimela sikagesi). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, abantu bangena Hanoi kanye naku Saigon waqala ukukhuluma French exutshwe ne IsiVietnam. Amagama afana tu, wena (wena) noma “mec nxa lit”Ukukhuza,“wahlangana xi (Ngiyabonga), ipousse pousse (ikhabethe elidonswe ngabantu), hambaé (imakethe), rail (isitimela), umlilo (Fire)… Ngaleso sikhathi umuntu okhathazekile onomuzwa wokuthi imbongi wayesethole imilolotelo yokuvula indlela yokunyakaza kwezothando nomlingiswa weqiniso wokugxeka. Ngaphambi kokuphela kwezincwadi zakudala. Lezi zincwadi zazigxile ku han (ulimi oludala lwesiShayina) eyayikade yathathelwa indawo yilaba Latin futhi French. Nini i-Latin America ibishintshile ngaphambili, Indochina wayeshintshe usuku nosuku ngemuva nje kwalokho. Kwafika empilweni. “Umculo wegolide ”. Ngani? KanjaniUmculo wegolide""waphonswa”Inhliziyo enesizungu kanjalo! Kungani yayithungile ihlumela lothando lweqiniso, lithandana kangaka futhi linenhliziyo elula? Kungani futhi kwaletha nothando lobuzwe olunjalo? Yize ngikhathele i- "ukuphela kwemakethe lapho kuvalwa"(ukwehla kwe) indlela yesikhathi sokufunda nokuhlola e Isikhungo sokuhlolwa seNam Dinh ekushoneni kwe isifundo esidala samaShayina, ukubheka amakamu abo-amakamu wabafundi nezindawo zabo ezibucayi ezakhiwe indawo enkulu futhi bazi ukuthi imiphumela emihle yokuhlolwa ngeke ilethe udumo, imbongi ekhathazekile i-TRAN TE XUONG kwakudingeka ibhale amanye amavesi ahlekisayo:
Umhlambi wabafundi abangaphumelelanga ume ubheke,
Ojabulela ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa!
Esihlalweni Indlovukazi yaseFrance kushunqa izinqe,
Egcekeni elingaphansi, ama-bachelors'heads ayakhuphuka.
Amavesi angafi aqanjwa nguuhlulekile”Emehlweni kaJehova Ukuhlanganisa isiFulentshi umshini wokubusa! Noma kunjalo, i Inkosi yaseVietnam ngubani ohlezi emxholweni esihlalweni sobukhosi segolide! Ingabe wayebuqonda ngempela usizi lokulahlekelwa izwe lakubo?
Yize ebizwa Hanoi ukuze ngikhumbuze - kubonakala ngathi Hanoi kwase kubonakale amakhulu eminyaka emthanda. Noma kunjalo, kwaba njalo Thang Long kwakuyi "inkumbulo ye-fossilised”Wawo wonke Abantu baseVietnam. Okungenani, Thang Long ukusuka Uhlu lwamakhosi aseLy (I-XI century) bekuvame ukuba yindlunkulu yobukhosi enezindonga ezizungezile, namasango ama-4 abheke izinkomba ezi-4: EMpumalanga - eNtshonalanga - ENingizimu - Enyakatho. Mayelana nesakhiwo esikhulu, Thang Long yasatshalaliswa ngumngcele wayo ezinhlanganweni zezandla ezingama-61 ezikhethekile emikhiqizweni yezandla ezahlukahlukene nangokuhweba nokuhwebelana. Kepha kusukela nge-XI kuye ngekhulu le-XV, amagatsha amaningi wezandla zase zikhule zaba izinhlangano ezikhethekileuluka usilika ne-satin", Okwenza ubumba, ithusi, ubucwebe, i-joss - izinto zephepha,"gogo do”- iphepha le-rhamnoneuron, iphepha lezicubu… Bekunama-alsotrade abeprinta imidwebo yabantu, enza amafeni, noma enza iwayini lelayisi. Kuya ku Isikhathi Eside, Kwase kunikezelwe imibutho engama-36 ukuze kubizwe amagama amakhulu enhloko-dolobha kuthiwe abantu basemadolobheni babizwe. Kwasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX igama lalaziwa ngokuthi Hanoi, imisebenzi yezandla eyenziwe yayibambe amehlo Isifundo saseFrance saseMpumalanga, HENRY OGER, owethule indlela entsha yokuqamba umlando ngokusebenzisa amapeni ukuqopha futhi abonise ngokusetshenziswa kwamapulangwe aqoshwe ukuze kuphrintwe, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i- Indlela Yabantu BaseNam (I-Technique dupeople Anamite)4.
The Umzila we-36-amaqembu yayakhiwe ngokwenhlangano yezokuphatha inhlangano yezomphakathi kanye nomphakathi noma umgwaqo ngesikhathi sombuso, angithi? Eqinisweni, ngokusho kwemibhalo ngesikhathi sokuhlala Hanoi, isikhathi kusuka ngoFebhuwari 2, 1947 kuya kuSepthemba 1954, the French yayihlukanise i-citadel engaphakathi phakathi Izinhlangano ezingama-36 zomgwaqo. Kusukela lapho, umfanekiso we Hanoi yaqala ukuguqulela isitayela sedolobha lasentshonalanga. Noma uhlangabezana nezinguquko eziningi zomlando, isithombe kanye impilo kaTheng Long kulezi zinsuku seziye zafakwa emphefumulweni nakunembeza we Abantu baseVietnam. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lomphakathi olungamakholoni kanye nengxenye yabantu abathandanayo, njengoba iningi lababhali ku Hanoi ukuyibiza, ayikwazanga ukufiphalisa isithombe sokudla lapho abantu behleli ndawonye bezungeze ugqoko, Hanoi.
Lapho sifunda ngokuziphatha nezenzo zabantu, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthwala abantu zokuthwala izingane zabomama noma zikadadewethu okwake kwaba nesikhathi esingathanda ukuthi sikhethe njengoba kubonwa ngezansi.
Namuhla, ngemvume ye umagazini Xua & Cha (Endala - Umagazini Wanamuhla), singathanda ukwethula izithombe ezazisetshenziswe njengezikhumbuzo kusuka ekuqoqweni kwe French wayesebenzise amakhamera ukuqopha. Hhayi kuphela i abantu beHanoi ukujabulele ukubabona kepha futhi nakho konke Abantu baseVietnam nabanye abantu bangazithatha njengezitembu ezingalibaleki zenqubo yokwenza amakoloni French bekwenziwe endaweni ekude ye-tkis EMpumalanga Ekude.
◊ IHanoi - POSTCARDS, Fossil Legacies - HANOI, TONKIN - French Indochina - Isigaba 1.
AMANOTHI:
1: NGUYEN MANH HUNG - “Ama-Chekhe AmaSiko kanye nama-Aftereffects ama-French Coloniesists eVietnam'', "Umlando waseVietnam ngesikhathi seModem”- Inkambo enkulu efundiswa e- I-Hong Bang University International, i-Osaka University in Japan ku Uhlelo Lokufunda Nge-Vietnamese. UDkt HUNG ubuye wanikeza izinkulumo ngalezi zifundo ku- California State University Fullerton - USA, e Incheon University - Korea, Ecole Orientcle Paris - France nasemanyuvesi amaningi ku South East Asia (IBijasat, iNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Asia).
2: Ngokusho kuka NGUYEN VAN CHUC - Isichazamazwi semigwaqo eHanoi - IHanoi Publishing House, 2010, amakhasi 10 —13.
3: PAUL DOUMER - Igama eligcwele JOSEPH ALHNASE DOUMER (1857-1932) Umbusi Jikelele we-Indochina futhi UMongameli waseFrance (1931-1932) yathathelwa indawo yi- Latin futhi French. Nini i-Latin America ibishintshile ngaphambili, Indochina wayeshintshe usuku nosuku ngemuva nje kwalokho. Kwabe sekungena impilo.
4: Lona ngumqondo we Zihlanganise Degree Doctor Emlandweni yombhali NGUYEN MANH HUNG. Ube nesandla emzameni wakhe ukuletha ukukhanya okwakukholakala ukuthi kucashe kuze kube phakade endlini ebhaliwe yezitolo efihlwe ku Umtapo Wezwe in Hanoi futhi Umtapo Wezincwadi Zemivubukulo (ngaphambi kwe-1975) ku Saigon, eyathathwa njengomcebo wokumboza iso empini. Sizoshicilela amavolumu amabili ahlukene mayelana Ubuchwepheshe be-An Nam. (Ubuchwepheshe babantu base-Anamite) ekuqaleni kwale ntwasahlobo).
BAN TU THU
08 / 2020
AMANOTHI:
Umthombo H: HANOI, POSTCARDS - Izizinda Zamagugu Ezingasasebenzi, uProf. Assoc. UDkt en Umlando HUNG NGUYEN MANH & Umqoqi, Master TRUC INDODANA NGUYEN PHAN, Hong Duc Publishers, Hanoi, 2015.
◊ Yonke imibhalo ebhalwe ngomalukeke nezithombe ezihlukanisiwe kusethwe yi-BAN TU THU - khadangwadia.com.