Kusuka kuma-SKETCHES ngekhulu lama-20 leminyaka kuya kwezikhathi zokulinganisa nokuvivinya

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

   Kube nenqwaba yezincwadi zombili ezizi-prose nevesi ngazo Vietnam, ikakhulukazi selokhu kwafika French nokuzalwa kuka Quốc Ngữ (Imibhalo kaZwelonke yamaRoma), izindaba zokubhala Vietnam sesibe baningi futhi sahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, lezi zifundo zivelakancane kakhulu ukuthi zaphathwa ngabadwebi. Mhlawumbe, ngalesi sizathu, UHenri Oger uthole indawo yakhe ekuqopheni imisebenzi yezenhlalo yaseVietnam nezinkulungwane zemidwebo eqoshwe ngokhuni.

   Yize ubukhulu bokunqunyelwe buhlongozwa yisihloko sephrojekthi yakhe: “Amasu E-Annamese² Abantu"³ Empeleni UHenri Oger wenze umbiko wokuqala futhi onemifanekiso emibalabala ezindaweni eziphakathi nezwe enyakatho yeVietnam Hanoi in 1908 futhi 1909.

    Ekuqaleni kwencwadi yakhe, UHenri Oger wabhala: “Ababhali abachazayo abanamakhono ababaningi! Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubo bonke abantu, inkumbulo ebukwayo iyajula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enkulu yale phrojekthi iqukethe imidwebo nemidwebo… Isethulo esicacile nesihleleke kahle yisici esibaluleke kunazo zonke kuleli qoqo. Akuwona umkhiqizo wephutha…".⁴

    UHenri OgerIsigaba esivulayo siveza ivelu yemidwebo engazange ivele ngenxa yokuphefumlelwa ngengozi noma umuzwa wothando womdwebi.

Umfundi ka Mnu. USilvain Levi kanye noMnu. I-Finot, oprofesa baseFrance Academy e-Practical College of Higher masomo (I-olecole pratique des Hautes - Études) naseSorbonne University ngo-1907, UHenri Oger ibuze uNgqongqoshe WezamaFrance waseFrance ngamalungelo okwenza umsebenzi wezempi ngonyaka we-1908-1909 Tonkin ngenhloso yokuthola izimo ezinhle zocwaningo lwakhe ngomndeni waseVietnam besebenzisa indlela ye-monographic.

     Ukuzibandakanya kule ndlela, UHenri Oger wahlukanisa iphrojekthi yakhe yocwaningo kulezi zifundo ezilandelayo:

1. Umkhakha oboniswe ngezinto zawo zemvelo.
2. Umkhakha wokucubungula onempahla yawo evela emvelweni.
3. Umkhakha osebenzisa izinto ezisetshenzisiwe.
4. Impilo yomphakathi neyangasese.

     Mayelana nempilo yomphakathi neyangasese, UHenri Oger ihlukanise Izihloko eziyi-11 kufaka phakathi i-shamanism nokubikezela inhlanhla, imithi yabantu, imidwebo yabantu, imidlalo namathoyizi, i-Tết (Umkhosi Wonyaka Omusha Wonyaka) nemikhosi yemikhosi.

   Mayelana Vietnamka- Ngonyaka Omusha Wonyaka imikhosi nemikhosi yendabuko, UHenri Oger usinikeze ngokusobala emidwebweni obonakalayo emasikweni nasekwenzeni esikhathini esidlule somlando, isigaba sobukoloni se-leudalist, iningi lawo elingaseyona ingxenye yomphakathi wanamuhla waseVietnam.

    The Abantu baseVietnam, kusukela endulo, ngempucuko yelayisi emanzi, iba nemikhosi eminingi yendabuko kanye nemikhosi yesintu egcwele ukubaluleka nenjabulo. Kubandakanya umkhosi omusha welayisi obanjelwe ekupheleni kwesivuno sasehlobo entanjeni eya emkhosini wokuzingela, imikhosi yokuphela kwentwasahlobo neyokuqala kwehlobo enjengemvula yenyanga yokuqala nezinambuzane ezibulala imikhosi… Ziluchungechunge lwezinsuku zesiko. Ikakhulu, ukuvalelisa ebusika, i- Okhokho baseVietnam wagubha umkhosi omkhulu noma Umkhosi Wonyaka Omusha Wonyaka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bekukhona umkhosi phakathi kwenyanga yokuqala yomkhosi wamaBuddha maphakathi nenyanga yesikhombisa naphakathi ne-Autumn festival yezingane (konke ngokwekhalenda le-LunarNgokwenkambiso yendabuko, imikhuba yokukhonza okhokho izokwehla ngosuku lwesithathu lwenyanga yesithathu (entwasahlobo), usuku lwesihlanu lwenyanga yesihlanu (ehlobo), usuku lwe-9 lwenyanga yesishiyagalolunye (ekwindla) kanye nosuku lwama-22 lwenyanga yeshumi nambili (i-solstice yasebusika). Zonke lezi zibalo zincike ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ngonyaka kanye nasekhalendeni lezolimo laseMpumalanga. Umkhosi ngamunye nomkhosi unomthombo waso futhi kulezi zinsuku zesiko nezinsuku zemikhosi Abantu baseVietnam abambe izinsiza, ezinkulu noma ezincane, endaweni eyodwa noma ezweni lonke.

QAPHELA:
¹  Hlanganisa uSolwazi HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
²  Igama elithi “Annamite” elalisetshenziswe esihlokweni sale ncwadi lalisetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kwamakoloni aseFrance, ngendlela edelelekile. 
³ I-HENRI OGER - I-Technique du peuple Annamite (Amasu E-Annamese People) - 114 Jules Ferry Street - eHanoi (1908 - 1909).
⁴  UHENRI OGER (Imibhalo egciniwe emibhalweni yezobuciko, i-ethnography kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo yabantu baseChina nase-Indochina - Isingeniso ngokujwayelekile esifundweni samasu we-Annamese People - i-Essay ngempilo yabantu be-Annamese, ubuciko kanye nezimboni- ama-2 amavolumu) - eshicilelwe nguGeuthner, Jouve & Cie eParis 1919.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

QAPHELA:
Umthombo: U-Vietnamese Lunar New Year - Umkhosi Omkhulu - Asso. UProf HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
Images Izithombe ze-Bold kanye ne-sepia zisethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com

BONA FUTHI:
◊  Ukuchazwa kwegama elithi "Tết"
◊  Ukukhathazeka kwabantu be-provident - Ukukhathazeka ngenkukhu namakhekhe.
◊  Unyaka Omusha We-Vietnam Lunar - vi-VersiGoo
◊ njll.