Ukukhathazeka NGABANTU BESIFUNDAZANE - Ukukhathazeka NGOKUMAKISHWA - Isigaba 1

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

     Omunye IHENRI OGERImidwebo ekhombisa imakethe yemakethe enkulu yize kungeyona Imakethe yeTết. Insika yemakethe ibhalwe ngegama lomculi nendawo yakhe yokuhlala: "Isifunda saseGia Lộc, isigodi saseThchch Khôii, iqembu likaThanh Liễu - Nguyễn Văn Đảng". Ngakwesokudla kukhona amatafula ezinhlanzi nemifino kanye nabathengisi abasebenza nge-soy sauce noma ezinye izinto futhi ngakwesobunxele kukhona amatafula engulube nenyama yenkomo, izinto zobumba, amakhekhe kanye nelayisi i-vermicelli…

    Ngezinsuku zokuphela konyaka lapho imigwaqo yasemadolobheni iba yanda kakhulu futhi izimakethe ezimatasa ziba ziningi kakhulu abantu. Isisho esithi: "Kugcwele njengemakethe yakwaTết!". Akuyona ihaba! Noma kunjalo i-animation yesimo se-Tết ayitholakali kubantu abadala kuphela kepha futhi iphakathi kwezingane. Izingane zeminyaka ehlukene zilandelana ngamaqembu ziye ezimakethe zaseTeát ngezinsuku zokuphela konyaka.

    Uma imakethe yokuphela kwenyanga imvamisa ibanjwa ezinsukwini ezingama-26 no-27 ngalesosikhathi ngalesi sikhathi izohlala kuze kube usuku lwama-30 ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezizohamba ziyothenga imidwebo, izicishamlilo, amanye amathoyizi nesinamoni (Umdwebo.1) Lo mkhuba futhi wenze isimo seTết saba mnandi ngokwengeziwe.

 Kube nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemakethe: imakethe evulekile ebanjwa nsuku zonke futhi igcwele abathengi, imakethe ekhethekile ebanjwa kuphela emikhosini noma maphakathi nenyanga kanye kanye ngonyaka. The Imakethe yezimbali yeHanoi, okuthiwa yenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka noma ngasekupheleni kwe Le nokuqala kwe Nguyen ama-dynasties, nawo uhlelwe kanye ngonyaka. Lowo makethe uhlala amasonto amaningi kepha uba mkhulu kakhulu kusukela ekuseni kakhulu kuze kube sebusuku kakhulu evikini lokugcina kuze kufike unyaka omusha. Kuthengiswa zonke izinhlobo zezimbali nezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezinto zokuhlobisa kufaka phakathi i-kumquat nezinhlanzi zegolide. Kodwa-ke, amaHanoian ajwayele ukuyibiza ngokuthi yimakethe yepa peach. Imakethe ibanjelwa ngokwesiko kanye Hàng Lược umgwaqo, umbhede wangaphambili we ITô Lịch UMfula: “Kuyoba nini Umfula iTô gijima owomile? Ungazibala kanjani izimbali ze-peach nhlangothi zombili zemakethe yezimbali? ”

    Imakethe yasemakhaya ubanjwa amahlandla ayisithupha ngenyanga kwezinye izindawo. Imizana ilandela uhlelo obekuvunyelwene ngalo: Imakethe ihlelwe kuleli dolobhana ngosuku lokuqala nolwesi-1, kuleso sigodi ngosuku 6 kanye nolwesi-2, kwesinye isigodi ngomhlaka 7^rd nezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, kwesinye kwesinye ngosuku lwe-8 nolwe-4, njalonjalo.

    Uma imakethe ivame ukubanjwa ngosuku loku-1 nolwe-6 bese kuthi usuku lokuqala lwayo luvulelwe i Ttt inkathi izoba ngosuku lwe-26 lwenyanga ye-12. Uma imakethe ibanjwa ngosuku lwe-4, lwe-9 noma lwesi-5 nolwesi-10, lwayo Ttt Iseshini izoba ngosuku lokugcina lonyaka, okusho usuku lwama-30 noma usuku lwama-29 (ngenyanga yezinsuku ezingama-29) yenyanga yeshumi nambili.

    Ngesikhathi Imakethe yeTết, abagcini bezitolo bafisa ukuthengisa zonke izimpahla zabo kumakhasimende. Kodwa-ke, imakethe ye-Tết ayisiyona indawo yokuhweba noma yokushintshiselana ngezinto kuphela, kepha futhi yenethiwekhi kanye nokushintshana ngolwazi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezintaba.

    Izinsuku zemakethe bekuyizinsuku zemisebenzi yezomnotho, yamasiko neyemikhosi… yokushintsha kwesimo lapho umuntu ekhohlwa okwesikhashana ubunzima obusenkambini yamarayisi nasemilpa. Izimakethe ezifundeni eziphansi zazingeyona indawo yokuhlangana yamantombazane nabafana njengoba kwenzeka ezimakethe zasezintabeni lapho kubonakala khona imvunulo yesintu, izambulela nemidanso yabantu bezinhlanga ezincane ezifana neThai neMèo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthintwa kwalokhu kungatholakala nge-folksong:

"Ngesikhathi semakethe yaphakathi nonyaka ye-Yên Quang.

Njengomuntu othanda izimbali, ngizolinda ukuthenga izimbali kuye kuphela"...

    Izimakethe Zasemakhaya ezinsukwini zakudala zazivame ukubanjwa eduze kwamachibi noma amachibi emaphethelweni Hamlet noma esangweni edolobhaneni noma endaweni enkulu evulekile. Ngezikhathi ezithile zazihlelwa ngaphansi kwemigqa yezihlahla ezinkulu zomthunzi noma esiteji sokufika kwesikebhe. Sengathi yingakho yabizwa ngokuthi “Kulungile"(chợ: imakethe ne-búa: Isiteji sokufika kwezikebhe, ngolimi lwakudala lwaseVietnam).¹

    Kunoma ikuphi, izimakethe zihlala ziyindawo yokuthengisa nokuthenga, UHenri Oger usinikeza isithombe somlimi ongumdala osebenza ethenga (I-Fig.2). Akufanele kunakwe isambulela asiphethe ngaphansi kwekhwapha kodwa ezandleni zakhe manje eziphethe izinto eziningi… Futhi eceleni kwakhe kwakukhona izithandani ezimpofu ezazithenga izinto ezincane kuphela (I-Fig.2).

    Phakathi kwabantu abaya emakethe ngezinsuku ze-Tết, kukhona labo abathatha nje ukuhamba bethokozela izigcawu ezijabulisayo noma bathwale imibono nezingxoxo ezingenangqondo, kepha iningi labanye abantu kufanele likhathazeke ngokuthenga. Ngokuya ngomndeni ngamunye, ngesimo sezezimali kanye nokwehla kwezenhlalo, kanye nobudala noma ubulili, ukuthenga kungahluka.

    Abantu besifazane abadala, ngaphandle kokuhambela imakethe kanye namanani entengo bazothenga i-betel (I-Fig.3), i-areca nati, izinti ze-joss, izimbali, amakhekhe nezinto ze-joss. Mayelana namadoda amadala, into yokuqala abayinakekelayo yimikhuba yabo emihle lapho bembethe ingubo yabo, amabhulukwe abo amhlophe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anemibala eqondile, izigqoko zabo nalapho begqoke izingubo Gia Định izicathulo esizothola ithuba lokuzibheka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Hhayi njengabesifazane asebekhulile, amadoda amadala akhathazeka ngemibhangqwana entsha yemibhalo ehlukile, ibhodlela elimnandi nelinephunga lotshwala obunamathele, iphakethe letiye elinambitheki obuningi, namabhangqa kashukela anezihloko ezizosetshenziswa njenge- “ induku yokhokho ”nokuthi iboniswe e-altare.

    Ngokuqondene namantombazane amancane, ngenkathi avakashela izitolo ezincane, ayothenga isibuko, ikamu, i-kerchief noma ucezu lwesilika oluzosetshenziswa njengebhande, futhi ikakhulukazi, inyoka yesiliva efana ne-chain. Ngeke bakhohlwe ukuthenga amaqabunga e-coriander kanti amanye “hương bài"(uhlobo lwempepho) izimpande ukuthatha ukugeza kokuphela konyaka. Ngokuqondene nezingane izinto ezinomsindo kunabo bonke - zifana neqoqo lezinyosi ezishiya isidleke sazo.

    Bephelezela ogogo babo noma abazali babo bayakhuluma, bahleke, bacele into eyodwa noma enye into, ikakhulukazi amaswidi namakhekhe noma amathoyizi. Lapho benikezwa isilwane setoyi selayisi esinombala ngomhlanga owenza umsindo ojabulisayo nojabulisayo we-bugle, babedlala ngaso isikhashana bese kuthi ngesikhathi esithile bavele basigwinye. Ngezinye izikhathi, bazama ukucela izinto ezithile zobumba njengembiza, isitofu, ufudu noma into elula…

    Bangacela nezithombe, izicishamlilo noma amahlumela esinamoni njengoba sishilo ngaphambili. Okufakwe esixukwini yizingubo ezithulile, ezifihlwe kahle, nezinesizotha ezimnyama zamabhonasi. Isizotha salezi zingubo ezinsundu kubonakala sengathi sifinyelela amahloni. Ngala ma-bonzes, izinto abazidingayo amaphepha e-joss, izinti ze-joss, isigaxa esincishisiwe sikashukela selayisi elinamathelayo, irayisi elinamathelayo, amakinati, isisame, imifino, uwoyela, usawoti…

    Ngaphandle kwalokho, kusekhona isigaba sabantu besilisa, abadala nabancane abanemikhuba emikhulu futhi abagqokiswe izigqoko ezinesizotha namabhulukwe abangena kuphela ezitolo ezithengisa izinto ezigcinelwe abafundi beConfucian noma izifundiswa futhi bathenga kuphela izinto ezinjengamaphedi amahle ephepha lezicubu , amanye amaphepha abhalwe izimbali, elinye iphepha… kanye namabhulashi ambalwa kanye nezinye izinti zikayinki waseNdiya

    Kodwa-ke, izimpahla ezikhonjisiwe futhi ezithengisiwe kulo mcimbi ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zabantu abazogubha umkhosi azikhawulwanga kuphela lezo okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, njengoba kusenezinhlobo zonke zokudla. Ukuqala ngamaqabunga ama-maranta aluhlaza aboniswe kuyo yonke indawo eceleni komgwaqo. Okulandelayo kuza zonke izinhlobo zerayisi, kusuka kusayizi omkhulu welayisi elimnandi, irayisi elikhazimula ngosayizi omncane, kuya kuzo zonke izinhlobo zerayisi elivamile elinjengelayisi lezinyanga eziyishumi, elithi “du huong” (lonyakaizinhlobonhlobo zerayisi engavuthiwe)… Kepha abantu bavame ukunaka ilayisi elikhulu elinobuthi obukhulu nembali yalo ephuzi nezinhlamvu zalo zelayisi ezinonile, ngokuqondene nelayisi elincane elinoshukela, ababaningi abantu abacabanga ukulithenga.

… Iyaqhubeka esigabeni 2…

QAPHELA:
¹ Hlanganisa uSolwazi HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
² Ngokusho kuka-TRẦN QUỐC VƯỢNG - LÊ VĂN HÀO - DƯƠNG TẤT TỐ - Izazi-mlando zaseVietnam - (Imikhuba yendabuko yasentwasahlobo neVietnam) - Hanoi, Culture Publishing House, 1976, amakhasi 95-98.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

QAPHELA:
Umthombo: U-Vietnamese Lunar New Year - Umkhosi Omkhulu - Asso. UProf HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Udokotela we-Phylosophy emlandweni.
Images Izithombe ze-Bold kanye ne-sepia zisethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com

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