SA DEC - Cochinchina
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UMARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. I-Physical Geography
ISITUATION
Idolobha eliyinhloko: ISadec [Sa Đéc]. Ibanga kusuka Saigon [Sài Gòn] 132km… Isifundazwe sase ISadec [Sa Đéc] uboshwe eNyakatho nesifundazwe IThanani [ITân An], idolobha eliyinhloko eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-84; eMpumalanga ngesifundazwe mytho [Mỹ Tho] (ibanga 60km) no I-Vinhlong [IVĩnh Long] (ibanga 12km); eningizimu ngesifundazwe UCantho [Cần Thơ] (ibanga (50km), nasentshonalanga ngesifundazwe I-Longxuyen [I-Long Xuyên] (ibanga lama-25km). Indawo yayo ingamakhilomitha-skwele angama-1.320 indawo enotshalo engamahektha angama-89.000. Inani labantu besifundazwe ISadec [I-Sa Đéc] yaba ngoDisemba 31st 1924 kuya ku-205.515 izakhamizi, okungukuthi: 20 French, 199.204 Annamites, 2.695 Chinese, 3.481 UMinh Huong [Minh Hư Hng], Ama-Annamites angama-Tonkin nawe Annam [An Nam]. Isimo sezulu ISadec [I-Sa Đéc] iyefana neyezinye izifundazwe ezingxenyeni esentshonalanga yeCochin-China.
II. I-Economical Geography
Njengesifundazwe ISadec [I-Sa Đéc] imatasa kakhulu ngokutshala irayisi, amantongomane kakhukhunathi, amantongomane nezinye izithelo, ISadec [USa Đéc] ubonakala enekusasa elihle ekukhiqizeni ilayisi. Ukuhamba okukhulu okukhona emngceleni we I-Vinhlong [Vĩnh Long], UCantho [Cần Thơ] no I-Longxuyen [I-Long Xuyên], kanye nengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi “i-sea-rush-land”, ehlanganisa lesi sifundazwe, kufanele iguqulwe kuphela ibe ngamasimu erayisi ngosizo lwamanzi aseseqediwe manje. Ukudoba kuqala ngokushesha lapho isivuno selayisi sesiphelile. Kunenhlanzi eningi ezweni olwandle-olwandle nakwezinye izingxenye eziphansi zesifundazwe. Izinhlanzi ezibanjwa lapho zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa lo “mam” owakha umgodi obalulekile wokudla kwabomdabu. Umkhakha ngokuyinhloko uqukethe inani elithile lemisebenzi yezitini kanye nama-saw-mill. Izikhungo ezinkulu nezindawo zemakethe yilezi: Idolobhana ISadec [Sa Đéc], Phu Huu [Phú Hữu], UPhu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận], Isikhathi Eside Sami [Mỹ Long], IXuong yami [Mỹ Xương], Uhambo lwami [Mỹ Trà], Hoi An [Hội An], ULai Vung [Lai Vung], I-Long Hung [Long Hưng], I-My Hung [Mỹ An Hưng], Hoa An [Hoà An].
ISITOLO SADEC
Itholakala kalula osebeni lwesobunxele lwerach I-Caolanh [ICao Lãnh] no-25km ukusuka I-Vinhlong [I-Vĩnh Long], phakathi kwezingadi ezibonakala zibukeka kahle zezihlahla zikakhukhunathi nezithelo zeklabishi. ISadec [I-Sa Đéc] yindawo ethengisa kakhulu yezentengiselwano, imigwaqo ihlala ibekwa ngaphandle, futhi bekulokhu kuyindaba yokunakekelwa okuthile ngabaphathi abalandelanayo. Ikakhulu uMnu Sylvester, umhloli, oshiye kuzo zonke izindlela, izimpawu zobukhona bakhe eCochchin-China. Kukuye lelo dolobha ISadec [I-Sa Đéc] ikweleta imisebenzi yayo yokuqala yokudonsa kanye nezinto zayo ezihlobisiwe. Ubeke imigwaqo eqondile nezimpophoma ezinkulu futhi wadweba imisele ehlukahlukene okumbiwe kuyo okwase kusetshenziswe kuyo ngokugcwala ukugcwalisa amachibi amaningi ayekhona ezweni elizungezile. Kusukela lapho-ke sekubekwe imigwaqo eminingi kanye nezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene, izakhiwo zezitini zathatha indawo yezindawo zasendulo zabomdabu, futhi ibhuloho lensimbi lanamuhla liwela manje ISadec [Sa Đéc], ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanganiswe amadolobhana ahlukahlukene akha idolobha, nesikhungo saseYurophu kanye nezimakethe zaseChina nase-Annamite. Impela lesi sikhungo esisentshonalanga sinikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu nombono umuntu awujabulela ukusuka phezulu kombhoshongo wesonto, oseduzane naleli dolobha elikhulu, wenza igama le "Garden of Cochin-China", elinikezwe leli ncane ezweni elingaphakathi. Izindawo eziseYurophu kanye namaHhovisi ezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene akhiwe esiqhingini esincane esisekupheleni komfula ISadec [Sa Đéc], elihlukanise izingxenye ezimbili, esinye sazo esabizwa nge- “Passe-Nord”, sijoyina umfula omkhulu. Kuphambene nomlomo wayo indawo lapho kubekwa khona amasheya amakhulu ama- “Messageries Fluviales” enza inkonzo yomugqa osentshonalanga nowokuthi I-Pnom Penh [Pnôm Pênh]. Lesi siqhingi silinganiselwe yonke indawo ngomgwaqo onemithunzi futhi sitshalwe yonke kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla, ikakhulukazi izihlahla zemango, izihlahla zezandla zikakhukhunathi futhi sigcotshwa ngamakha avela emahlathini aleli koloni. Ekupheleni kwesiqhingi kune-Inspection-Hall, futhi endaweni yangakubo kukhona i-jele, iPosi, izindlu eziqoqayo nemakamu ezempi. Ukuqhubeka kancane lapho kukhona amaHhovisi Okuhlola ne-Custom-and Excise House. Isiteshi Samaphoyisa, inkantolo yezomthetho yabomdabu, iBungalow kanye nehhovisi Lokwehlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi. Izindawo zomdabu, ngokungathi sína, zazakhiwe maqondana nedolobha laseYurophu ngakolunye uhlangothi lwebhange Ubuningi ISadec [Rạch Sa Đéc]. Umugqa, ohlanganiswe ngumugqa ongaphazanyisiwe wezitolo zaseChina ezihlinzekelwe kahle, okungenani ungama-2km ubude. Kuvikelwa ekuguguleni kwamanzi yizindonga zamagogo. Imakethe enkulu itholakala ekugcineni kwedolobha endaweni enkulu kakhulu eseduze kwe-Annamite Sporting Club. Cishe konke ukuhweba nayo yonke impahla ekhiqizwayo kusezandleni zamaShayina nawamaHindu athile. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ezinye izinto zokudaya ama-Annamite, abenzi bamawashi nezazi eziningi zokuhlobisa ubucwebe ezizokhulunywa ngabo U-Ly Ngoc Son [Lý Ngọc Sơn], obizwa ngeVinh, owaziwa ngemidwebo yakhe edumile neminye imisebenzi ye-enlaid enamel (futhi negolide kanye nesiliva). Wathola indondo yegolide embukisweni we Hanoi [Hà Nội].
IMISEBENZI YEMISEBENZI KANYE NAMAZWE AQHUBEKAYO
Esifundazweni ISadec [Sa Đéc] azikho izikhumbuzo zangempela noma izinto ezivubukulwa ngemivubukulo; lokhu ngaphezu kwalokho akuvamile kakhulu kulo lonke laseCochin-China. I-Pagoda ye Indoda kaNha [I-Nha Mân], esendaweni ecishe ibe yimayela ukusuka edolobhaneni elikhulu, nokho kufanelekile ukuqanjwa. Masibuye sikhulume ngethuna ukuthi iyiphi inkosi UGia Long [UGia Long] wamiswa kwinkumbulo yesiMandarin Nguyen Van Nhon [Nguyễn Văn Nhơn] owayemlandela ngokwethembeka ebubini bakhe futhi owaba negalelo ngemuva kwalokho ekwakhiweni kobukhosi bakhe. UMbusi omkhulu, ukuze amvuze ngezinsizakalo zakhe, wamnika isihloko semashi (I-Quan Cong [Quan Công]). Lesi sikhumbuzo sakhiwe endaweni yesigodi I-Tan Dong [Tân Đông] esifundeni U-Thanh Ha [I-Thanh Hạ], indawo yomdaluli ebalulwe ngenhla eyakhiwe inhlonipho yayo.
BAN TU THƯ
12 / 2019
QAPHELA:
1: UMarcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Umdwebi, wazalelwa eValenciennes - isifunda esisenyakatho neFrance. Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi:
+ I-1905-1920: Ukusebenza e-Indochina futhi ophethe ukuthunyelwa ku-Governor wase-Indochina;
+ 1910: Uthisha eFar East School of France;
+ I-1913: Kutadisha ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokushicilela izindatshana ezinobuchwepheshe;
+ 1920: Wabuyela eFrance futhi wahlela imibukiso yobuciko eNancy (1928), eParis (1929) - imidwebo yezwe mayelana neLorraine, iPyrenees, iParis, iMidi, iVillefranche-sur-mer, iSaint-Tropez, iYtalia, kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude;
+ 1922: Kushicilelwa izincwadi zobuciko obuhlobisa eTonkin, e-Indochina;
+ 1925: Wine umklomelo omkhulu eMbukisweni WamaKoloni eMarseille, futhi wabambisana nomakhi wePavillon de l'Indochine ukudala isethi yezinto zangaphakathi;
+ I-1952: Ishona eneminyaka engu-68 futhi ishiya inqwaba yemidwebo nezithombe;
+ I-2017: Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela umdwebo yethulwe ngempumelelo yinzalo yakhe.
IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI:
◊ Bhuka “I-LA COCHINCHINE”- UMarcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [I-HĐứng Đức] Abashicileli, uHanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Amagama esiVietnam agqamile futhi omalukeke afakwe ngaphakathi kwamamaki wesilinganiso - asethelwe nguBan Tu Thu.
BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Ingxenye 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ I-GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ I-THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ I-MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA