Umphakathi weXINH MUN wamaqembu angama-54 e-Vietnam

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    WNgabantu abangaphezu kwama-21,946, i-XINH MUN ihlala emiphakathini yemingcele ye- I-Yen Chau, Izifunda Zengoma Ma Moc Chau (Son Son Province¹) futhi Isifunda saseDien Bien Dong (Isifundazwe saseDien Bien²). Amanye amagama abo I-Puoc futhi IPua. U-Puoc Da futhi UPuoc Nghet ngamaqembu amancane endawo amabili. Ulimi lwabo ngele Iqembu leMon-Khmer³.

    IEsikhathini esedlule, umpheki weXINH MUN wakhula irayisi elinomsoco futhi com ezweni elishisiwe. Basebenzise izinti zokumba, igeja noma igeja ukulungisa imilpas. Kwezinye izindawo, kunezinkundla zerayisi ezicwilisiwe. Phambilini, izinyathi, izimbuzi nezingulube zazivame ukuzulazula ngokuthanda kwazo. Manje, amadolobhana amaningi asethe amashedi nezitishi kude nezindlu. Ukubutha nokuzingela kunezela ekwenzeni ngcono izimo zabo zokuphila. Izindatshana zebhasikidi ezinhle nezingaqinile zidayiswa nge- Thai futhi Lao okwezingubo nezinye izinto. Kungumkhuba we-XINH MUN ukuhlafuna i-betel, ukudaya amazinyo abo amnyama, nokuphuza utshwala ngotshani boqalo.

    Tyena uXinh Mun ushiye impilo yabo yokuzulazula bayohlala ezigodini ezinabantu abaningi. Izindlu zabo ezinsikeni zinophahla olubunjiwe njenge-carapace yofudu, izitebhisi ezimbili ezinhlangothini zombili zendlu. Iningi labahlali linamagama emindeni Vi futhi Lo. Uhlu ngalunye lomndeni lunamathebhu alo. Izingane zithatha igama lomndeni loyise. Endlini, lapho kushona ubaba indodana endala iphethe isikhundla esibalulekile.

     In emshadweni, umndeni womkhwenyana kufanele unikele ngemali nentokozo emndenini kamakoti. Ngemuva kwesiphakamiso, ukubandakanyeka nomshado umyeni uhlala endlini yomkakhe iminyaka eminingana. Lapho umbhangqwana oshadile unezingane, unkosikazi wamukelwa endlini yomyeni wakhe. Esikhathini sokuhlala matrilocal, lo mbhangqwana kufanele ushintshe amagama awo futhi uthathe elinye igama elinikezwe ngumama wabo ongunina, abazali bomfazi noma umthakathi. Abesifazane bavame ukubelethela emakhaya. Uma ingane inenyanga izelwe, izonikwa igama ngumthakathi ngokwesicelo sabazali. Uma umuntu efa, amalungu omndeni wakhe aqhumisa izibhamu ukumemezela izindaba ezibuhlungu kubantu basemakhaya. Abafileyo bangcwatshwa unomphela.

    Tyena uXINH MUN ukhonza okhokho bezizukulwane ezimbili kwi-comer yendlu. Amasiko abanjwa kuphela lapho izinkanyezi zomndeni zakha indlu entsha, zithatha ilayisi elisha noma zihlela idili lomshado. Lapho abazali benkosikazi bedlula emhlabeni, bakhulekelwa endlini emnyama enophahla olulodwa engadini. Kwezokukhiqiza, iXINH MUN ibamba imikhosi eminingi futhi inezizumbulu eziningi. Abahlanganyeli bendawo bahlela umcimbi wokuhlonipha umoya wasendaweni minyaka yonke, futhi futhi kuyisikhathi sokukhulekelwa kwemimoya yabantu abafele emabhuzwini abo. Phambilini, iXINH MUN ibibambe iqhaza nasemcimbini waminyaka yonke wokuhlonipha imimoya ye-muong ephethwe yi Thai endaweni.

BUKA OKUNINGI:
◊  UMPHAKATHI WAMAQEMBU ETHNIC WAMA-54 eVietnam - Isigaba 1.
◊  Umphakathi we-BA NA wamaqembu angama-54 e-Vietnam.
◊  I-BO Y Community yamaqembu angama-54 wezinhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-BRAU wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-BRU-VAN KIEU wamaqembu ezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weCHO RO wamaqembu angama-54 amaNhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CO HO wamaqembu angama-54 wezinhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CONG wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-CHUT wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weChU RU wamaqembu ama-Ethnic angama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi weChAM wamaqembu angama-54 amaNhlanga eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-DAO wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
◊  Umphakathi we-GIAY wamaqembu wezinhlanga ezingama-54 eVietnam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo): ICONG DONG 54 Dan toc Viet Nam - Phan 1.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi Bo Y trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BRAU trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi BRU-VAN KIEU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHO RO trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHAM trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHU RU trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CHUT trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi CONG trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi DAO trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi GIAY trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi GIA RAI trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi HOA trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi KHANG trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Uhlobo lwe-Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo) ngeWeb-Voice (I-Web-Audio):  Nguoi KHMER trong Cong dong 54 UDan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
◊ njll.

BAN TU THU
09 / 2020

AMANOTHI:
¹ :… Iyabuyekeza…

QAPHELA:
◊ Umthombo & Izithombe:  Amaqembu angama-54 Ezinhlanga eVietnam, Abashicileli bakaTong Tan, we-2008.
◊ Zonke izingcaphuno nemibhalo ebhalwe ngomalukeke isethwe nguBan Tu Thu - khadangwadia.com